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Indian Constitution

Comprehensive lesson on Indian Constitution - History, Features, Sources, Schedules, Parts

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📜 Constitution of India - World's Largest Written Constitution!

🏛️ Constitution Creation - SVG Timeline
📜 Constitution of India - TIMELINE 📜 1946 March Cabinet Mission Constitution Council idea 1946 Dec. 9 First meeting Acting Chairman Sachithanandam 1946 Dec. 11 Permanent Chairman Dr Rajendra Prasad 1947 Aug. 29 Drafting Committee Chairman Ambedkar 1949 Nov. 26 Accepted Constitution Day 🎉 🇮🇳 1950 January 26 Came into force - Republic Day 👥 Important people 🔹 President of the Constituent Assembly - Dr. Rajendra Prasad 🔹 Drafting Committee Chairman – Dr. Ambedkar (Father of Constitution) 🔹 Constitutional Adviser - B.N. Rao | 🔹 Vice President - H.C. Mukherjee 🔹 First Signature - Preface Signature: Prem Bihari Narayan Raisada (Calligrapher) 📊 Key Numbers (currently) 📌 Articles: 470+ (by 395) | 📌 Parts: 25 (by 22) | 📌 Schedules: 12 (Through 8) 📌 Build Time: 2 Years, 11 Months, 18 Days | 📌 Cost: ₹64 lakh 📌 Constituent Assembly Members: 389 → 299 (After Partition) | 📌 Meetings: 11 sessions, 165 days
📊 Key dates comparison
Date event Special
1946 March Cabinet Mission Constituent Assembly idea
1946 Dec. 9 First meeting Sachithanandam Sinha – Acting President
1946 Dec. 11 Permanent Chairman Rajendra Prasad exam
1947 Aug. 29 Drafting Committee Ambedkar Chairman, 7 Members
1949 Nov. 26 Accepted Constitution Day
1950 Jan. 26 came into effect Republic Day 🇮🇳

📚 Sources & Highlights of Constitution!

🌍 Resources - SVG
🌍 Sources of Constitution - SOURCES 🌍 Indian Constitution 🇬🇧 England • Parliamentary system • Rule of law • Single citizenship • Cabinet method • The post of Speaker 🇺🇸 America • Fundamental Rights • Judicial review • President of the Republic • Vice President • Supreme Court 🇮🇪 Ireland • Guidelines • Presidential election • Appointment of Rajya Sabha • Introductory comments 🇨🇦 Canada • Federalism (strong centre) • Residual powers to the Centre • Appointment of Governor • Union of States 🇦🇺 Australia • Integrated list • Freedom of trade • Joint session 🇷🇺 Soviet Russia • Basic Duties • Concept of 5 year plan • Social justice goal 🇩🇪 Germany • Emergency provisions • Termination of Fundamental Rights • Federal Scheme 🇿🇦 South Africa • Constitution Amendment System | 🇫🇷 France: Republic, Liberty, Equality, Fraternity 📜 1935 Government of India Act High Source (70%): Federal, Governor, Emergency, PSC, Judiciary 🎯 Memory: UK=Parliament, USA=Legal, Ireland=Management, Canada=Federal
⭐ Salient Features
# Highlight Explanation
1 A long written constitution World's Largest - 470+ Articles, 12 Schedules
2 Many sources UK, USA, Ireland, Canada, Australia, Russia, Germany
3 A mix of solid and flexible Some rules are easily revised, some are difficult
4 Federal + Unitary Strong centralized federalism
5 Parliamentary rule Cabinet System, Joint Responsibility
6 Fundamental rights Part III – 6 Rights (source 7)
7 Guidelines Part IV - Duties of Government
8 Basic duties Part IV-A - Duties of Citizens (11)
9 An independent judiciary Supreme Court, High Court
10 Single citizenship All are Indian citizens only

📋 Parts & Schedules of the Constitution!

📑 12 Tables - SVG
📋 12 SCHEDULES - Tables 📋 1️⃣ First Table States & Union Territories 28 States + 8 UT 2️⃣ Second Schedule Salary, steps, pension President, Governor, Judges 3️⃣ Third schedule Affidavit of office Oaths & Affirmations 4️⃣ Fourth Schedule Allotment of Rajya Sabha seats State wise 5️⃣ Fifth Schedule Administration of List Areas ST Regions (10 States) 6️⃣ Sixth Schedule North Eastern Tribal Areas Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura 7️⃣ SEVENTH TABLE ⭐ MOST IMP 3 Schedules - Distribution of Powers 🔴 Union List: 100 | 🟡 State List: 61 | 🟢 Concurrent: 52 Art. 246 - Centre, State, Combined 8️⃣ Eighth Schedule ⭐ IMP Official languages By: 14 → Now: 22 languages Last addition: Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santali (2003) 9️⃣ Ninth Schedule Exemption from judicial review Addition of 1st Amendment (1951). 🔟 Tenth Table Ban party tab 52nd Amendment (1985) 1️⃣1️⃣ eleventh Panchayat – 29 objects 73rd Amendment (1992) 1️⃣2️⃣ twelfth Municipality - 18 objects 74th Amendment (1992) 🎯 Memory Tricks 7️⃣ = 3 Lists (100+61+52) | 8️⃣ = 22 Languages ​​| 9️⃣ = Exclusion of Justice | 🔟 = Anti-Defection 1️⃣1️⃣ = Panchayat (73rd, 29) | 1️⃣2️⃣ = Municipality (74th, 18)
📚 Main Parts
Part Articles title Special
I 1-4 Union & Territories India = Union of States
II 5-11 Citizenship Single citizenship
III 12-35 Fundamental Rights ⭐ 6 Rights, protection of justice
IV 36-51 Guidelines ⭐ No judicial protection
IV-A 51A Basic duties 42nd Amendment, 11 Duties
V 52-151 Union Govt President, PM, Parliament
VI 152-237 State Govt Governor, CM, Legislative Assembly
XVIII 352-360 Emergency Rules ⭐ 3 types of emergency
XX 368 Constitutional Amendment ⭐ Correction methods

🎯 Constitution of India - Quick Revision!

🧠 Memory Tricks - SVG
🎯 SUPER MEMORY TRICKS 🎯 📅 Important dates • 1946 Dec. 9 = First Meeting (Sachithanandam) • 1946 Dec. 11 = Rajendra Prasad permanent • 1947 Aug. 29 = Drafting Committee (Ambedkar) • 1949 Nov. 26 = accepted Remember "9-11-29-26". 🔢 Important numbers • By: 395 Articles, 22 Parts, 8 Schedules • Currently: 470+ Articles, 25 Parts, 12 Schedules • Creation: 2Y 11M 18D • Cost: ₹64 lakh | Membership: 299 "395-22-8 → 470-25-12" 🌍 Resources - Easy Memory 🇬🇧 UK = Parliament, Cabinet, Speaker 🇺🇸 USA = FR, Judicial Review, President 🇮🇪 Ireland = DPSP, President Election 🇨🇦 Canada = Federation, Residuary Power "UK=Nata, USA=Uri, IRE=Rout, CAN=Coot" 7️⃣ Seventh Table - 3 Lists 🔴 Union List = 100 objects (centre) 🟡 State List = 61 items (State) 🟢 Concurrent = 52 objects (both) Total = 100 + 61 + 52 = 213 "100-61-52" = Mai-Ma-Iru 📑 Main Parts Part III (12-35) = Fundamental Rights (FR) Part IV (36-51) = Guidelines (DPSP) Part IV-A (51A) = Fundamental Duties (FD) Part XVIII (352-360) = Emergency "3-way, 4-way, 4A-way, 18-way" 📋 Main Schedules 7th = 3 Lists (Union, State, Concurrent) 8th = 22 Languages 10th = Anti-Defection (52nd Amendment) 11th = Panchayat (73rd) | 12th = Municipality (74th) "7-List, 8-Lang, 10-Defect, 11/12-Local" 👨 Fathers • Father of Constitution = Ambedkar • Chairman of Constituent Assembly = Rajendra Prasad • Constitutional Adviser = B.N. Rao ✏️ Major fixes • 1st (1951) = Addition of 9th Schedule • 42nd (1976) = Mini Constitution, SECULAR • 52nd (1985) = Anti-Defection | 73/74 (1992) = Local 🔥 HOT FAQ - TNPSC Q: Father of the Constitution? → Ambedkar | Q: Acceptance date? → 1949 Nov. 26 | Q: Effective date? → 1950 Jan. 26 Q: Source Articles? → 395 | Q: Current Schedules? → 12 | Q: 8th Schedule languages? → 22 | Q: 7th Schedule Lists? → 3
📝 One Liner Facts
🔹 Father of the Constitution Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
🔹 Council President Dr. Rajendra Prasad
🔹 Date of Acceptance 1949 November 26
🔹 Effective date 1950 January 26
🔹 Source Articles 395
🔹 Currently Articles 470+
🔹 Currently Schedules 12
🔹 Currently Parts 25
🔹 8th Schedule Languages 22
🔹 Creation period 2 years 11 months 18 days
🎯 Quick Numbers
  • 395→ Source Articles
  • 470+→ Currently Articles
  • 12→ Current Schedules
  • 25→ Currently Parts
  • 22→ 8th Schedule Languages
  • 100-61-52→ 7th Schedule Lists
  • 299→ Council members
  • ₹64 lakh→ Creation cost
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