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Current Socio-Economic Issues

Comprehensive analysis of current socio-economic issues in India - unemployment, poverty, inequality, urbanization challenges and their solutions.

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🚫 India's unemployment problem

Unemployment Status of India 2024 Unemployment 7.6% (2024 data) youth 23% (15-24 years) graduate 29.1% (literacy) Rural 6.3% Urban 8.7% Types of Unemployment Open unemployment Indirect unemployment Seasonal unemployment Literacy unemployment technical

📊 Unemployment Rate - State wise

State Rate % condition The main reason
🔴 Haryana 37.3% Too bad Career transfer
🟠 Rajasthan 27.2% Bad Drought, agricultural crisis
🟣 Jammu and Kashmir 23.1% worrisome Security issues
🟢 Gujarat 3.1% The best Industry
🔵 Tamil Nadu 5.4% good IT, Manufacturing Sector

🎯 Skill gap (Skill Gap) issue

Skill Gap – Sector wise IT Department – ​​30% gap Production - 45% gap Hygiene - 50% gap Future Required Skills (2025+) AI/ML 40% increase in demand Data Science 35% increase in demand Cloud Computing 30% increase in demand Cyber ​​Security 45% increase in demand Green Skills 50% increase in demand EV Technology 60% increase in demand

🏛️ Government Schemes - Employment

🎯 PM-KISAN

• 11 crore farmers
• ₹6000/year
• 3 installments

💼 MGNREGA

• 100 days work
• Rural area
• 6 crore families

🏭 PMEGP

• Self Employed
• Loan up to ₹50 lakh
• 35% subsidy

📚 Skill India

• 40 crore training
• PMKVY scheme
• Issuance of certificate

💡 Memo - Types of Unemployment

"D.M.P.K.T.O."=
TheRanda (Open) - Lack of work
MRM (Disguised) - More labor in agriculture
pSeasonal - Work only during certain period
KEducated - Studying and not working
ThTechnical - by technological change

💰 Poverty level of India

Poverty Reduction Progress (1993-2023) 1993-94 45.3% 2011-12 21.9% 2022-23 11.3% 2030 target 3% Poverty Line (Tendulkar Committee 2011-12) 🏘️ Village: ₹27/day 🏙️ City: ₹33/day 🌍 World Bank: $2.15/day

📊 Poverty - State wise (2022-23)

State Poverty % ranking Note
🔴 Bihar 33.7% last High poverty
🟠 Jharkhand 28.8% 2nd last Tribal area
🟢 Kerala 0.7% 1st Low poverty
🔵 Tamil Nadu 4.9% 4th Good progress
🟣 India (Average) 11.3% - National average

⚖️ Income Inequality

GINI Coefficient & Income Distribution GINI Coefficient (2024) 0.35 India 0.27 Japan 0.41 USA Distribution of Income - India Top 10% 57% Middle 40% 30% Bottom 50% 13% 🇮🇳 Indian Billionaires (2024) 👤 271 billionaires 💰 3rd place in the world 📈 $941 billion total ⚠️ Top 1% - 40% own the wealth

🏛️ Poverty alleviation programs

🏠 PM-AWAS Yojana

• 4 crore houses
• Village + City
• 2024 target

🍚 PDS - Ration

• 80 crore people
• Free food
• NFSA Act

💳 Jan Dhan

• 52 crore accounts
• Zero Balance
• Payment through DBT

🏥 Ayushman Bharat

• ₹5 Lakh Insurance
• 55 crore people
• Free treatment

💡 Memo - Poverty Committees

"Alathera"=
AAlagh - 1979 calorie base
LaLakdawala - 1993 URP Scheme
TheTendulkar - 2009 MRP System
RaRangarajan - 2014 New approach

🏙️ Urbanization issues

Urbanization of India (2024) Urban population 36% 50 crore people Mega cities 5 (1 Crore+) Big cities 53 (10-100 lakhs) Medium cities 467 (1-10 lakhs) Small towns 4000+ (1 Lakh-) 🚨 Urban issues 🏚️ Slums 6.5 crore people 🚗 Transportation A loss of ₹1.5 lakh crore 💧 Lack of water 40% are cities 🗑️ Waste Management 62 MTD waste 🏥 Hygiene Shortage of doctors 🏙️ Smart Cities Mission: 100 Cities | ₹2.05 lakh crore | Beginning of 2015 Tamil Nadu: 12 Smart Cities (Maximum)

🌫️ Air Pollution - AQI level

city AQI 2024 condition World ranking
🔴 Delhi 400+ Dangerous 3rd worst
🟠 Mulbarnagar 350 Too bad 5th
🟢 Chennai 85 Moderate Relatively good

🌍 Climate Change – Status of India

🌡️ India's Climate Goals (COP26 Commitment) 🔋 Renewable energy 500 GW 2030 target 🌿 Net Zero 2070 Carbon neutral 📉 Emission reduction 45% Until 2030 🌳 Carbon Sink 2.5 Bn Ton Through the forests Current Status (2024) ✅ Renewable: 180+ GW ⏳ 3rd largest emitter in the world 🎯 Per capita less 🇮🇳 Climate Action Tracker: "Highly Insufficient"

🏛️ Environmental projects

🌳 Green India Mission

• 10 million ha
• Afforestation
• Carbon sink

💨 National Clean Air

• NCAP scheme
• 131 cities
• 40% PM reduction

♻️ Swachh Bharat

• ODF Plus
• Waste management
• Beginning of 2014

💧 Namami Gange

• Cleanliness of Ganges
• ₹20,000 crore
• 5 states

💡 Reminder - AQI levels

"N.M.M.M.A."=
NNot (0-50) - Green
MrDamana (51-100) - Yellow
MOsam (101-200) - Orange
MrKa Mosam (201-300) - Red
bTenth (300+) - Purple

🏥 Health problems of India

Health Status of India 2024 🏥 Healthcare cost 2.1% of GDP WHO recommendation: 5% The lowest in the world 👨‍⚕️ Doctor rate 1:834 WHO recommendation: 1:1000 Very few in villages 🛏️ bed rate 0.5/1000 WHO recommendation: 3/1000 Private bias is high 📊 Key health indicators 👶 IMR (குழந்தை இறப்பு) 28/1000 World average: 27 🤰 MMR (Maternal Mortality) 97/Lakh SDG target: 70 📏 Life expectancy 70.8 years World average: 73 🍎 Malnutrition 35.5% Children are stunted 🦠 Disease Burden NCDs 65% Infection 28% Accidents 7% 🩺 Diabetes: 10 crores ❤️ Heart disease: 7 crores

📚 Educational problems

📊 Educational status of India 📖 Literacy (2024) 77.7% ♂ 84.7% ♀ 70.3% 🚫 Dropping out of school 29.4% High School 🎓 GER (Higher Education) 28.4% Target: 50% (2035) ⚠️ முக்கிய சிக்கல்கள் 📱 Digital Divide 40% இணைய அணுகல் இல்லை 👩‍🏫 Teacher shortage 10 lakh vacant seats 📉 Learning loss The aftermath of COVID 💰 Private expenditure 70% private school

🏛️ Govt Schemes

project Dept Beneficiaries Special
🏥 Ayushman Bharat Hygiene 55 crores ₹5 lakh insurance
📚 NEP 2020 Education For everyone 5+3+3+4 system
🍼 POSHAN 2.0 Nutrition Children, pregnant women Reduction of Malnutrition
🎓 PM-SHRI schools 14,500 schools Model Schools
💊 Jan Aushadhi Medicine 10,000+ stores 80% lower price
💡 Health Reminder

"I.M.M.L.E."
IMR - 28/1000
MMR - 97/Lakh
MMalnutrition - 35%
Life Exp - 70.8
Expenditure - 2.1%

💡 Academic Memoir

"K.E.U.T."
KLiteracy – 77.7%
eDistillation – 29.4%
UHigher Education GER – 28.4%
DJital gap - 40%

📝 TNPSC Important Points

•SDG 3:Good health & well being
•SDG 4:Quality education
•Tamil Nadu:IMR 15 (Best in India)
•Tamil Nadu:Literacy 82.9%
•NITI Aayog:SDG Index - TN ranks 4th

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