Monsoon, Weather and Climate
Monsoon, Rainfall Types, Weather vs Climate - Complete Explanation with Maps
Learning Content
🌤️ Weather vs Climate - Fundamental Difference!
📊 Weather vs Climate - Comparison
| feature | Weather | Climate |
|---|---|---|
| Duration | Short Term (Hour/Day) | Long term (30+ years) |
| Change | Change frequently | Fixed |
| area | Small part | Large area |
| example | "It will rain today" | "Chennai is the hottest city" |
| measurement | Daily forecast | average value |
🌡️ Factors that determine climate
📍 Geographical factors
- latitude- Distance from equator
- height- Mountain region is cold
- Distance from sea
- direction of mountains
🌬️ Atmospheric factors
- air pressure
- Wind direction
- Humidity
- Ocean current
🌧️ Indian monsoon - Monsoon!
🌊 South West Monsoon (June – September)
🍂 Northeast Monsoon (October – December)
🌧️ Rainfall Types - 3 Types!
⛰️ 1. Orographic/Relief Rainfall
☀️ 2. Convectional Rainfall
Eg:Equatorial region, summer evening rain
🌀 3. Cyclonic/Frontal Rainfall
Eg:Temperate, cyclone season
📅 4 Seasons of India!
🔄 Annual Cycle - Annual Cycle
📊 4 seasons - detailed information
| the season | Period | Special feature |
|---|---|---|
| ❄️ Winter | December - February | North India is very cold, Chennai is hot |
| ☀️ Summer | March - May | Loo wind, mango rain, spring |
| 🌧️ Southwest Monsoon | June - September | 75% rain, agriculture, start in Kerala |
| 🍂 Northeast Monsoon | October - November | Tamil Nadu is the main rainy, retreating season |
🌧️ India - Rainfall Regions!
🗺️ Precipitation Map
📊 Precipitation Areas - Detail
| Type | amount of rainfall | areas |
|---|---|---|
| more rain | > 200 cm | West Coast, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal |
| Medium rain | 100-200 cm | West Bengal, Odisha, Bihar, UP East |
| Less rain | 50-100 cm | Deccan Plateau, Gujarat, MP |
| Very little rain | < 50 cm | Rajasthan, Kutch, Ladakh |
🏆 Rainy achievements
| Rainiest in the world | Masinram (Meghalaya) - 1187 cm |
| 2nd heavy rainfall | Seraphim (Meghalaya) - 1143 cm |
| Low rainfall in India | Jaisalmer (Rajasthan) - 9 cm |
🚀 TNPSC Shortcuts & Memorization Formulas!
📅 Season Reminder - "DFM-MAM-JJAS-ON"
| D-F-M | Winter | ❄️ December - February |
| M-A-M | Summer | ☀️ March - May |
| J-J-A-S | Southwest Monsoon | 🌧️ June - September (75%) |
| O-N | Northeast Monsoon | 🍂 October - November |
🌧️ Rain feat - "MaSeChe Jai"
Mawsynram = 🥇 heavy rainfall (1187 cm)
Serapunji = 🥈 2nd (1143 cm)
Cherrapunji old name
Jaisalmer = less rain (9 cm)
🌊 Remember the monsoon direction
| Southwest | Sea → Land | 🌊 brings moisture = rain |
| Northeast | Land → Sea | 🏜️ Dry (but rainy for TN) |
Reminder:"SW = Sea Wind = Rain" | "NE = rain for TN"
❓ TNPSC Main Q&A
1. Rainiest place in the world?
✅ Masinram (Meghalaya) - 1187 cm
2. Which is the least rainfed place in India?
Jaisalmer (Rajasthan) - 9 cm
3. Where does the southwest monsoon come first?
✅ Kerala Beach (June 1)
4. In which season does Tamil Nadu receive the most rainfall?
✅ Northeast Monsoon (Oct-Nov)
5. How much of India's total rainfall is SW season?
✅ 75%
6. What is rain shadow area?
✅ Leeward side of the mountain - less rainfall
7. Where is the mango rain?
✅ Kerala, Karnataka (Summer)
8. What is space?
✅ Bay of Bengal storm - WB, Odisha
⛈️ Local winds
| Lou | North Indian summer hot air |
| Mango rain | Kerala, Karnataka - March-April |
| space of time | Bengal - Stormy rain |
| Andy | Tamil Nadu North East Cyclone |
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