Indus Valley Civilization
Indus Valley Civilization (3300-1300 BCE) is one of the oldest civilizations. Harappa, Mohenjo-daro are major cities. Detailed explanation of urban planning, drainage system, script, and trade.
Learning Content
🏛️ Indus Valley Civilization - Introduction!
Duration:BC 3300 - 1300 |Discovery:1921 (Thayaram Sawhney)
🗺️ Indus Valley Cities - SVG Map
⏰ Timeline - Timeline
| Period | condition | Detail |
|---|---|---|
| BC 3300-2600 | Early period | Beginning of village settlements, agriculture |
| BC 2600-1900 | Maturity period | City growth, business boom |
| BC 1900-1300 | Fall season | Cities were abandoned |
📊 Cities Comparison Table - Compare Table!
🏛️ Major Cities - Comparison
| city | Place | Inventor | year | Special Inventions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🔴 Harappa | Punjab (Pakistan) | Dayaram Sawhney | 1921 | Granary, R-37 Cemetery, Seals |
| 🔴 Mohanjataro | Sindh (Pakistan) | Raghaldas Banerjee | 1922 | Big bathtub, no dancing, bearded man |
| 🟢 Lothal | Gujarat (India) | S.R. Rao | 1954 | Shipyard, port, pearl factory |
| 🟠 Kalibangan | Rajasthan (India) | Amalananda Ghosh | 1953 | A plowed field, a fire pit, a fort |
| 🟣 Tolaveera | Gujarat (India) | JP Joshi | 1967 | Notice board, 3 part city, water collection |
| 🔵 Sanjudaro | Sindh (Pakistan) | NG Majumdar | 1931 | The bell factory, no castle, lipstick |
| 🟤 Robert | Punjab (India) | YT Sharma | 1953 | Dog burial ground, first site in independent India |
| ⚫ Panawali | Haryana (India) | RS Bisht | 1974 | Clay plough, oval shaped city, barley |
| 🟡 Surkotada | Gujarat (India) | JP Joshi | 1964 | Horse bone (first evidence) |
🇮🇳 Sites in India vs 🇵🇰 Sites in Pakistan
🇮🇳 India
- Gujarat:Lothal, Tolaweera, Surkotada
- Rajasthan:Kalibangan
- Haryana:Banawali, Rakhigarhi
- Punjab:Robber
🇵🇰 Pakistan
- Punjab:Harappa
- Indus:Mohanjataro and Sanhudaro
- Balochistan:Sudkagan-Tor
🏆 Highlights of Indus Civilization!
🏗️ City Planning - SVG
🎭 Key Findings
| discovery | Place | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| 💃 Dance idol | Mohanjataro | Bronze statue, 11 cm high |
| 🧔 Bearded man | Mohanjataro | Statue of priest or king |
| 🛁 Large swimming pool | Mohanjataro | 12m x 7m x 2.4m - Religious bath |
| 🐂 Pashupati seal | Mohanjataro | 3-faced man in yogic state |
| ⚓ Shipyard | Lothal | Oldest port in the world |
| 🐴 Horse bone | Surkotada | Horse Evidence in the Indus Civilization |
⚖️ Measurements & Weights
- Weight:16 times (16, 64, 160, 320...)
- Length:Inch is the base unit
- Brick:4:2:1 ratio (Length:Width:Height)
- Criterion:Got scaled in Lothal
🚀 TNPSC Shortcuts & Memory Tricks!
🧠 Memory Tricks - Memory Tricks
| Trick | Explanation |
|---|---|
| H-M-L-K-D | HArappa,Mohenjo-daro,Lothal,KAlibangan,DHolavira - 5 major cities |
| 1921-22 = H-M | 1921 - Harappa (Thayaram Sahni), 1922 - Mohenjo-daro (Ragaldas) |
| "Lothal = Lot of Ships" | Lothal = port, shipyard |
| "Empty = Fire" | Kalibangan = Fire Altar |
| "Sanhu = No Fort" | Sanjudaro = the only city without a fort |
| "Rover = Rover (Dog)" | Rober = dog burial discovery |
| 4:2:1 | Brick Ratio – Length:Width:Height |
| 16 = Magic Number | Weight measurement - 16 times the method |
Important Firsts - Important Firsts
| First | What | Where |
|---|---|---|
| 🥇 First invention | Indus Civilization Site | Harappa (1921) |
| 🥇 First in independent India | Excavated site | Robert (1953) |
| 🥇 First Port | World's oldest | Lothal |
| 🥇 First drain | Closed drainage system | Mohanjataro |
| 🥇 First tillage proof | plowed field | Kalibangan |
📝 One-Liner Facts
- Capital:Harappa & Mohanjdaro (Twin Capitals)
- Mohanjadaro Meaning:"Mound of the Dead" (Sindhi)
- Stamps:2000+ stamps discovery
- Writing:Pictographic - Not read yet
- Metals:Copper, bronze (not iron!)
- Animals:Ox, Elephant, Rhinoceros (Lion, No Horse - Controversy)
- Crops:Wheat, barley, cotton (rice - later)
- Cause of fall:Floods, Climate Change, Aryan Invasion (Comments)
- UNESCO:Tolaweera - 2021 World Heritage Site
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
| Q: Father of Indus Civilization? | Sir John Marshall |
| Q: Biggest site? | Rakhigarhi (Haryana) |
| Q: Smallest site? | Aldeeno (Pakistan) |
| Q: First cotton production? | Indus Civilization (World's First) |
| Q: Regime? | Merchant Class (Merchant Class) - No King! |
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