Topic

Tamil Nadu Reformers and Reform Movements

Comprehensive analysis of Tamil Nadu reformers, reform movements and social changes.

Learning Content

๐Ÿ”„ Reform Movements in Tamil Nadu

Social revival movements in Tamil Nadu in 19-20th century

๐Ÿ”„ Reform Movements - Chronology
๐Ÿ”„ Tamil Nadu Reform Movements 1828 - Brahmo Samaj Rajaram Mohan Roy - Bengal 1875 - Arya Samaj Dayananda Saraswati 1882 - Theosophical Society Adyar - Annabesant 1891 - Caste Abolition Society Ayodhya 1916 - Justice Party T.M. Nair, Thyagaraja Chettiar 1925 - The Self-Esteem Movement Periyar E.V.Ra. 1944 - Dravidian League Periyar - Justice party change 1949 - Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Annadurai - DMK 1972 - Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam MGR - ADMK ๐Ÿ“Œ Major changes Abolition of caste Female Education | Widow Remarriage | Equality Abolition of Devadasi | Reservation | A self-respecting marriage
๐Ÿ“Š Movements - Comparison
Movement year Founder Purpose
Justice Party 1916 T.M. Nair Non-Brahmin rights
Self-esteem movement 1925 Periyar Abolition of caste, equality
Dravidian League 1944 Periyar Dravidian pride
DMK 1949 Annadurai Political participation

๐Ÿ‘ค Prominent reformers of Tamil Nadu

Leaders who fought for social change

๐Ÿ‘ค Major Reformers
๐Ÿ‘ค Tamil Nadu Reformers ๐Ÿ”ฅ Periyar E.V.Ra. (1879-1973) Father Periyar - Social revolutionary ๐Ÿ“ Birth: Erode | Birth Name: Venkatraman ๐Ÿ”ฅ 1925 - Self Esteem Movement started ๐Ÿ“œ 1924 - Vaikam Satyagraha โœŠ Abolition of caste, women's equality ๐Ÿ“ฐ Republic, Freedom Newspapers ๐Ÿ’ก UNESCO Award: "Prophet of the New World" ๐Ÿ“š Ayodhyasa (1845-1914) The downtrodden are pioneers ๐Ÿ“ Born: Mylapore, Chennai ๐Ÿ›๏ธ 1891 - Dravida Mahasanam / Society for Abolition of Caste ๐Ÿ“ฐ One Paisa Tamilan - First Dalit Magazine โ˜ธ๏ธ Propagation of Buddhism ๐Ÿ“– Adiveda, Indra desam texts ๐Ÿ’ก Precursor to Ambedkar! ๐ŸŽญ Annadurai (1909-1969) Arignar Anna - Founder of DMK ๐Ÿ“ Birth: Kanchipuram ๐Ÿ›๏ธ 1949 - DMK started ๐Ÿ‘‘ 1967 - Chief Minister (First Dravidian CM) ๐Ÿ“ฐ Dravida Nadu magazine โœ๏ธ Dramas, Movies ๐Ÿ’ก "Chief Minister for a Day" - Anti-Hindi ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€โš•๏ธ Muthulakshmi Reddy (1886-1968) First woman legislator ๐Ÿ“ Birth: Pudukottai ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€โš•๏ธ First Woman Doctor (Chennai) ๐Ÿ›๏ธ 1926 - First woman MLC ๐Ÿ“œ 1947 - Devadasi Abolition Act ๐Ÿฅ Adyar Cancer Hospital ๐Ÿ’ก Padma Bhushan awardee ๐Ÿ“š The Mysteries (1876-1950) Father of unique movement ๐Ÿ“ Birth: Nagapattinam ๐Ÿ“– Anti Vernacular - Pure Tamil ๐Ÿ›๏ธ Package Tamil Sangam โœ๏ธ Texts: Tamil religion, Saivism ๐Ÿ’ก "Identity" principle ๐ŸŽฌ MGR (1917-1987) People's Tilak - Founder of ADMK ๐Ÿ“ Birth: Sri Lanka ๐Ÿ›๏ธ 1972 - Inception of ADMK ๐Ÿ‘‘ 1977-1987 - Chief Minister (3 times) ๐Ÿš Nutrition program, free education ๐Ÿ’ก Bharat Ratna Award (1988) ๐Ÿ‘ฅ Other important reformers T.M. Nair Justice Party Thyagaraja Chettiar Justice Party Ramasamy Padayachi The downtrodden Muvalur Ramamirtham Women's rights V.U.C. labor ๐Ÿ“Œ Types of reforms Abolition of caste ๐Ÿ‘ฉ Women's Education ๐Ÿ’’ Self-respect marriage ๐Ÿ›๏ธ Reservation
๐Ÿ“Š Reformers - Comparison
Chairman Period Movement Major achievement
Periyar 1879-1973 Self-esteem Abolition of caste, rationality
Ayodhya 1845-1914 Dravidian Mahasana Dalit rights
Annadurai 1909-1969 DMK Dravidian politics
Muthulakshmi 1886-1968 Women's rights Abolition of Devadasi

๐Ÿ”„ Social changes in Tamil Nadu

Major changes brought about by reform movements

๐Ÿ”„ Major social changes
๐Ÿ”„ Social changes in Tamil Nadu Abolition of caste Before: untouchability, separation โœ“ Temple Entry Movement (1939) โœ“ Right to public space โœ“ Legal equality ๐Ÿ’ก Contributed by Periyar, Ayodhyasar ๐Ÿ›๏ธ Reservation Before: Upper caste dominance โœ“ 1921 - First Reservation (Judicial Party) โœ“ 1951 - 25% BC, 16% SC โœ“ Currently โ€“ 69% reservation ๐Ÿ’ก Most in India! ๐Ÿ‘ฉ Women's Education & Rights Earlier: Denial of education to women โœ“ Girls schools started โœ“ Widow Remarriage Act โœ“ Women's suffrage ๐Ÿ’ก Contributed by Muthulakshmi, Moovalur ๐Ÿ’’ Self-respect marriage Earlier: Brahmin priest was mandatory โœ“ 1925 - First self-respecting marriage โœ“ 1967 โ€“ Statutory recognition โœ“ Parental consent is sufficient ๐Ÿ’ก Periyar started ๐Ÿšซ Abolition of Devadasi system Earlier: Exploitation of women in the temple โœ“ 1947 - Devadasi Abolition Act โœ“ Muthulakshmi Reddy protest โœ“ Rehabilitation for women ๐Ÿ’ก First law in India! ๐Ÿ“š Tamil language promotion Previously: English, Sanskrit dominant โœ“ 1965 โ€“ Anti-Hindi movement โœ“ Tamil is the official language โœ“ Tamil Classical Status (2004) ๐Ÿ’ก Contributed by Anna, Karunanidhi ๐Ÿ“Œ Other important changes ๐Ÿš Nutrition plan ๐Ÿ“š Free education ๐Ÿฅ Free medical ๐ŸšŒ Free bus ๐ŸŽฏ Effects of reforms โœ“ Social Equality | โœ“ Economic development โœ“ Educational Extension | โœ“ Political participation
๐Ÿ“Š Social Changes - Timeline
year Change by whom Impact
1921 Reservation starts Justice Party BC/SC employment
1925 A self-respecting marriage Periyar No priest needed
1947 Abolition of Devadasi Muthulakshmi Stop exploitation of women
1965 Anti-Hindi DMK Promotion of Tamil language
1967 Self-Respect Marriage Act Anna Govt Legal recognition

๐ŸŽฏ TNPSC Shortcuts - Reformers & Movements

Memorization aids for important questions frequently asked in the exam

๐Ÿ”ฅ TNPSC Important Memorable Formulas
๐ŸŽฏ TNPSC Memory Tricks - Reforms ๐Ÿ”„ Sequence of Movements - "Neesudhithiya" You = Justice Party 1916 Su = Self-esteem 1925 The = Dravidian League 1944 The = DMK 1949 A = AIADMK 1972 ๐Ÿ‘ค Periyar Facts Born: Erode (1879) Died: 1973 (age 94) Award: UNESCO Prophet Commemoration: "E-79-73-UNESCO" ๐Ÿ“š Ayodhyasar Facts Born: Mylapore (1845) Directed by: Dravida Mahasanam (1891) Magazine: One Paisa Tamilan Commemoration: "Maya-45-91-Paisa" ๐ŸŽญ Annadurai Facts Born: Kanchipuram (1909) DMK: 1949 | CM: 1967 Died: 1969 Memo: "Ka-09-49-67-69" ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€โš•๏ธ Muthulakshmi Facts Born: Pudukottai (1886) First Woman MLC: 1926 Devadasi Act: 1947 Memo: "Bu-86-26-47" ๐Ÿ“… Important Years - "16-25-44-49-72" 1916 Justice Party 1925 Self-esteem 1944 Dravidian League 1949 DMK 1972 ADMK ๐ŸŽฏ TNPSC Frequently Asked Facts Self-Esteem Movement = Periyar (1925) First female MLC = Muthulakshmi (1926) Abolition of Devadasi = 1947 Hindi Resistance = 1965 First Dravidian CM = Anna (1967) Justice Party = T.M. Nair (1916) One Paisa Tamil = Ayodhya UNESCO Award = Periyar
๐Ÿ“Š TNPSC Frequently Asked Questions
question Answer remember
Who started the Self-Esteem Movement? Periyar (1925) Pe-25
When is the Justice Party? 1916 You are 16
First Dravidian Chief Minister? Annadurai (1967) A-67
Devadasi Abolition Act? 1947 - Muthulakshmi Te-47-mu
When was the Dravidian League? 1944 No. 44
Who started DMK? Annadurai (1949) D-A-49
UNESCO Award for Periyar? Prophet of the New World U-fire
Anti-Hindi protest? 1965 E-65
๐ŸŽฏ Quick recall table
Type First event year person
First Reform Movement Justice Party 1916 T.M. Nair
First woman MLC Legislature 1926 Muthulakshmi
First Dravidian CM Tamil Nadu 1967 Annadurai
The first dalit newspaper A paisa tamilan 1907 Ayodhya
Abolition of Devadasi Law 1947 Muthulakshmi
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