Topic

Tamil Women Achievers & Freedom Fighters

Life history and contributions of Tamil women achievers - Muthulakshmi Reddy, Moovalur Ramamirtham, Velu Nachiyar, Thillayadi Valliammai, Annie Besant and their role in freedom struggle.

Learning Content

👩‍🦰 Tamil Women Social Reformers

🏆 Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy (1886-1968)

Year Achievement
1912First Woman MBBS (Madras)
1926First Woman MLC in India
1947Devadasi Abolition Act
1954Founded Cancer Institute, Adyar
1956Padma Bhushan Award

🔥 Moovalur Ramamirtham (1883-1962)

  • Background: Born in Devadasi family
  • Movement: Self-Respect Movement with Periyar
  • Book: "Daasikal Mosavlai" (1936)
  • Legacy: TN Government Award in her name

⚔️ Tamil Warrior Queens

⚔️ Velu Nachiyar (1730-1796)

  • Title: Queen of Sivaganga
  • Achievement: First Indian queen to fight British (1780)
  • Kuyili: India's first human bomb
  • Alliance: With Hyder Ali of Mysore
  • Skills: Silambam, sword fighting, horse riding
  • Rule: 10 years (1780-1790)

👑 Rani Mangammal (1689-1704)

  • Dynasty: Madurai Nayak
  • Rule: 15 years as regent
  • Roads: Built 1000+ km roads
  • Chatrams: Rest houses for travelers
  • Victory: Defeated Maratha invasion
  • Irrigation: Built tanks and canals

🇮🇳 Women Freedom Fighters

🌹 Thillayadi Valliammai (1898-1914)

  • Birthplace: Natal, South Africa (Tamil family)
  • Movement: Satyagraha under Gandhi (1913)
  • Cause: Against racial discrimination
  • Prison: 3 months hard labor
  • Sacrifice: Died at age 16 (1914)
  • Gandhi Quote: Called her "Brave Woman"

🌟 Annie Besant (1847-1933)

  • Origin: British, came to India in 1893
  • Home Rule: Founded Home Rule League (1916)
  • INC President: First woman president (1917)
  • Newspaper: Founded "New India"
  • Theosophical: World President, HQ at Adyar
  • Death: 1933 at Adyar, Chennai

🏆 Tamil Women Achievers - Complete Summary

📊 Quick Reference Table

Name Period Key Achievement
Velu Nachiyar1730-1796Defeated British, Kuyili
Rani Mangammal1689-1704Roads, Chatrams
Muthulakshmi Reddy1886-1968First MBBS, MLC
Moovalur Ramamirtham1883-1962Devadasi abolition
Thillayadi Valliammai1898-1914Youngest martyr (16)
Annie Besant1847-1933First INC woman president

🥇 First Achievements

  • First Woman MBBS (Madras): Muthulakshmi (1912)
  • First Woman MLC (India): Muthulakshmi (1926)
  • First INC Woman President: Annie Besant (1917)
  • First Human Bomb: Kuyili (1780)
  • First Queen to defeat British: Velu Nachiyar (1780)
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