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Fundamental Rights

Comprehensive explanation of Part III (Articles 12-35) of Indian Constitution covering 6 Fundamental Rights, their provisions and limitations.

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โš–๏ธ Fundamental Rights - Part III (Articles 12-35)!

๐Ÿ›๏ธ 6 Fundamental Rights - SVG Overview
โš–๏ธ 6 Fundamental Rights (Fundamental Rights) - Part III โš–๏ธ Articles 12-35 | Source: USA Bill of Rights | "Magna Carta of India" Part III FR 1๏ธโƒฃ Right to equality (Right to Equality) Art. 14-18 โœ… Equality before the law (Art.14) โœ… Prohibition of Discrimination (Art.15) โœ… Abolition of Untouchability (Art.17) 2๏ธโƒฃ Right to freedom (Right to Freedom) Art. 19-22 โœ… 6 Freedoms (Art.19) โœ… Protection against crimes (Art.20) โœ… Life & Liberty (Art.21) 3๏ธโƒฃ Right against exploitation (Against Exploitation) Art. 23-24 โœ… Prohibition of Human Trafficking (Art.23) โœ… Prohibition of child labor (Art.24) 4๏ธโƒฃ Right to freedom of religion (Freedom of Religion) Art. 25-28 โœ… Freedom of Religion (Art.25) โœ… Freedom of religious establishment (Art.26) 5๏ธโƒฃ Right to Culture & Education (Cultural & Educational) Art. 29-30 โœ… Minority Culture (Art.29) โœ… Administration of Educational Institutions (Art.30) 6๏ธโƒฃ Constitutional right to remedy (Constitutional Remedies) Art. 32 โœ… 5 Writs (Art.32) โœ… "Heart & Soul" - Ambedkar ๐ŸŽฏ Memory: "EFFACE" - 6 Rights Equality, Freedom, against Exploitation, religious Freedom, cultural, rEmedy
๐Ÿ“Š 6 Rights - Table of Articles
# Right Articles Main Article
1 Right to Equality 14-18 Art.14 - Equality before the law
2 Right to Freedom 19-22 Art.21 - Life & Liberty
3 Against Exploitation 23-24 Art.24 - Prohibition of Child Labour
4 Freedom of Religion 25-28 Art.25 - Freedom of religion
5 Cultural & Educational 29-30 Art.30 - Minority right to education
6 Constitutional Remedies 32-35 Art.32 - Writs
๐Ÿ“œ Important Facts
๐Ÿ“Œ Evidence USA Bill of Rights
๐Ÿ“Œ Part Part III(Articles 12-35)
๐Ÿ“Œ Originally 7 Rights(Abolition of Right to Property - 44th Amendment 1978)
๐Ÿ“Œ Now 6 Rights
๐Ÿ“Œ Justifiable Yes- Can be heard in court
๐Ÿ“Œ Ambedkar Art.32 ="Heart & Soul of Constitution"

๐Ÿ“œ All Articles - Detailed Description!

โš–๏ธ Right to Equality (Art.14-18) - SVG
โš–๏ธ Right to Equality (Art.14-18) โš–๏ธ Art. 14 Equal before the law โœ… Equality before Law โœ… Equal Protection ๐Ÿ“ UK + USA โš ๏ธ For everyone (Citizens + Non-Citizens) Art. 15 Prohibition of discrimination โŒ Religion, Race, Caste โŒ Sex, place of birth Women and children Special arrangement OK (Citizens Only) Art. 16 Govt employment opportunity โœ… Public Employment โœ… Reservation OK โœ… Domicile required (Citizens Only) Art. 17 โญ Abolition of untouchability โŒ Untouchability โŒ All format โš–๏ธ There is punishment Absolute Right! Art. 18 Abolition of degrees โŒ King, Maharaja โœ… Military degree is OK โœ… Education Degree OK โš ๏ธ Bharat Ratna OK ๐ŸŽฏ KEY: Art.14 - All | Art.15,16 - Citizens only Art.17 - Absolute Right Art.17 & Art.24 = No Exceptions (Absolute Rights in FR) Memory: "14-15-16-17-18" Equality-Discrimination-Employment-Untouchability-Degree
๐Ÿ—ฝ Right to Freedom (Art.19-22) - SVG
๐Ÿ—ฝ Right to Freedom - Right to Freedom (Art.19-22) ๐Ÿ—ฝ Art. 19 - 6 Freedoms โญ (Originally 7, Now 6 - Citizens Only) 19(1)(a) - Freedom of speech & expression 19(1)(b) - Right to assemble without arms 19(1)(c) - Right to form association 19(1)(d) - Right to move freely 19(1)(e) โ€“ Right to abode anywhere 19(1)(g) - Right to carry on business โŒ 19(1)(f) - Expropriation (44th Amd) โš ๏ธ There are reasonable restrictions Art. 20, 21, 22 Art. 20 Defense to crime โ€ข Prohibition of ex-post facto law โ€ข No Double Jeopardy Art. 21 โญโญ Life & Liberty โ€ข Right to Life โ€ข Personal Liberty Art. 21A ๐Ÿ†• Right to Education (6-14 Years) 86th Amendment 2002 Art. 22 Security of Arrest Magistrate in 24 hours ๐ŸŽฏ Art.21 - Most Expanded Right | Art.21A - RTE Act 2009 Art.20, 21 shall not be suspended in Emergency (44th Amendment) Memory: Art.19 = "6 Freedoms" Art.21 = "Life & Liberty" - Golden Triangle
๐Ÿ“Š All Articles - Quick Table
Article Explanation to whom Special
14 Equal before the law Everyone UK + USA
15 Prohibition of discrimination Citizens 5 grounds
16 Govt employment opportunity Citizens Reservation
17 Abolition of untouchability Everyone Absolute
18 Abolition of degrees Citizens Bharat Ratna OK
19 6 freedoms Citizens There are restrictions
20 Criminal defense Everyone Also OK in Emergency
21 Life & Liberty Everyone Most Expanded
21A Right to Education (6-14) Citizens 86th Amd 2002
22 Security of Arrest Everyone 24 Hours
23 Prohibition of human trafficking Everyone Begar Prohibition
24 Prohibition of child labour Everyone Under 14 years - Absolute
25-28 Freedom of religion Everyone Secular State
29-30 Cultural & Educational Citizens Minority Rights
32 Constitutional Remedies Everyone 5 Writs - Heart & Soul

๐Ÿ“œ Article 32 - 5 Writs (Five Commandments)!

โš–๏ธ 5 Writs - SVG description
โš–๏ธ Article 32 - 5 Writs (Five Decrees) โš–๏ธ "Heart & Soul of Constitution" - Dr. B.R. Ambedkar SUPREME COURT Art. 32 5 Writs 1๏ธโƒฃ Habeas Corpus "Bring the Body" โœ… Against illegal detention โœ… To whom: If personal freedom is violated 2๏ธโƒฃ Mandamus "We command" โœ… Order to government official โœ… Order to do duty โŒ Not for President, Governor 3๏ธโƒฃ Prohibition "Prohibition Order" โœ… To lower court โœ… Not to pursue the case ๐Ÿ“ For Judicial Bodies only 4๏ธโƒฃ Certiorari "To be certified" โœ… Set aside the judgment of the lower court โœ… Abolition of judgment of abuse of power ๐Ÿ“ Prohibition = Before | Certiorari = After 5๏ธโƒฃ Quo Warranto "By what authority?" โœ… Eligibility question to hold office โœ… For Public Office only ๐Ÿ“ Anyone can ask Art. 32 vs Art. 226 Art. 32: Supreme Court | FR only | Right Art. 226: High Court | FR + Other Rights | Discretionary ๐ŸŽฏ Memory: "HMPCQ" Habeas corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, Quo warranto
๐Ÿ“Š 5 Writs - Comparison Table
Writ Meaning Against whom? Purpose
Habeas Corpus Bring the body Detainee Removal of illegal detention
Mandamus We command Government official Order to do duty
Prohibition Prohibition order lower court Prohibition of prosecution
Certiorari Must be certified lower court Judgment set aside
Quo Warranto By what authority? Public Office Holder Eligibility Question
โš ๏ธ Key Differences
feature Art. 32 (SC) Art. 226 (HC)
Court Supreme Court High Court
why FR only FR + Other Rights
Type Fundamental Right Constitutional Provision
Authority Right to approach Discretionary Power
Suspend May be in emergency May be in emergency

๐ŸŽฏ TNPSC Shortcuts - Basic Rights!

๐Ÿง  Master Memory Formula - SVG
๐ŸŽฏ Fundamental Rights - Memory Tricks ๐ŸŽฏ Part III - Articles 12-35 6 Fundamental Rights | Originally 7 (Property Removed) ๐Ÿ“‹ 6 Rights Memory: "EFFACE" Equality - Art.14-18 FReedom - Art.19-22 against Exploitation (F) - Art.23-24 religious freedom (A) - Art.25-28 CCultural & Educational - Art.29-30 ๐Ÿ“œ 5 Writs Memory: "HMPCQ" Habeas Corpus - Bring the body Mandamus - we command Pprohibition - order of prohibition Certiorari - to be certified Quo Warranto - By what authority? ๐Ÿ”ข Article Numbers Memory ๐Ÿ”ธ Art.14-18 = Equality (5 Articles) ๐Ÿ”ธ Art.19-22 = Freedom (4 Articles + 21A) ๐Ÿ”ธ Art.23-24 = Exploitation (2 Articles) ๐Ÿ”ธ Art.25-28 = Religion (4 Articles) ๐Ÿ”ธ Art.29-30 = Cultural (2 Articles) โญ Most Important Articles โญ Art.14 - Equality before the law โญ Art.17 - Abolition of Untouchability (Absolute) โญ Art.21 - Life & Liberty (Most Expanded) โญ Art.21A - Right to Education (86th Amd) โญ Art.32 - Heart & Soul of Constitution ๐Ÿ”’ Absolute Rights (No Exceptions) Art.17 (Untouchability) + Art.24 (Child Labour) ="17-24" ๐ŸŒŸ SUPER: "12-35 EFFACE HMPCQ 17-24" Part III | 6 Rights | 5 Writs | Absolute Rights
๐Ÿ“ TNPSC One-Liners
๐Ÿ“Œ Which Part of Fundamental Rights? Part III - Articles 12-35
๐Ÿ“Œ Which country is the source? USA - Bill of Rights
๐Ÿ“Œ How many fundamental rights? 6(Originally 7 - Property Removed)
๐Ÿ“Œ How many freedoms in Art.19? 6(Originally 7)
๐Ÿ“Œ "Heart & Soul of Constitution"? Article 32- Ambedkar
๐Ÿ“Œ What are Absolute Rights? Art.17 & Art.24
๐Ÿ“Œ Right to Education Which Article? Art.21A(86th Amendment 2002)
๐Ÿ“Œ Removal of Right to Property? 44th Amendment 1978
๐Ÿ“Œ What is not suspended in Emergency? Art.20 & Art.21
๐Ÿ“Œ What are the 5 Writs? HMPCQ- Habeas, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, Quo Warranto
๐Ÿ“Œ Who cannot issue Mandamus? President, Governor
๐Ÿ“Œ Child labor prohibition age? Under 14 years of age(Art. 24)
๐Ÿ”ฅ FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
Q1:FR vs DPSP - Key Difference?
A: FR = Justiciable (can be heard in court) | DPSP = Non-Justiciable
Q2:Art.32 vs Art.226 Difference?
A: Art.32 = SC (FR only) | Art.226 = HC (FR + Other Rights)
Q3:Which Articles will not be suspended in Emergency?
A: Art.20 & Art.21 (44th Amendment)
Q4:What is the Golden Triangle of Constitution?
A: Art.14 + Art.19 + Art.21
Q5:Where is the property right now?
A: Art.300A - Legal Right (Not FR)
๐ŸŽฏ Quick Revision Chart
Topic Memory Key Point
Part III 12-35 Fundamental Rights
6 Rights EFFACE Equality, Freedom, Exploitation, Religion, Cultural, Remedy
5 Writs HMPCQ Art.32 (SC) & Art.226 (HC)
Absolute 17-24 Untouchability + Child Labour
Emergency Safe 20-21 44th Amendment
Golden Triangle 14-19-21 Equality + Freedom + Life
RTE 21A 86th Amendment 2002
Property Removed 44th 1978 - Now Art.300A
Previous Topic Citizenship
Next Topic Fundamental Duties

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