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Indian Culture - Unity in Diversity

Comprehensive lesson on Indian Culture - Race, Language, Customs, Religion, Art, Music, Dance, Food, Dress

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๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ณ Indian Culture - Unity in Diversity!

๐ŸŒŸ Indian Culture - SVG Overview
๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ณ Indian Culture - UNITY IN DIVERSITY ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ณ India ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ Language 22 duty 1600+ languages ๐Ÿ™ Religion All religions Religious harmony ๐Ÿ‘ฅ race 6 ethnic groups diversity ๐ŸŽญ Litigation Festivals Rituals ๐ŸŽต Art & Music Carnatic/Hindustani Sculpture, painting ๐Ÿ’ƒ Dance 8 Astronomy Folk ๐Ÿ› Food & Clothing differences Regional specialty "Unity in Diversity" - Unity in Diversity
๐Ÿ“š What is culture?
Culture A collection of a community's way of life, beliefs, customs, art, and literature
Latin word "Cultura" = cultivation, cultivation
E.B. Tylor definition "The complex whole of knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom acquired by man as a member of society"
๐ŸŽฏ Special features of Indian culture
  • ๐Ÿ”ธ Antiquity - 5000+ years
  • ๐Ÿ”ธ Continuity - still alive today
  • ๐Ÿ”ธ Diversity - multi-ethnic, multi-lingual
  • ๐Ÿ”ธ Receptiveness – accepts everything
  • ๐Ÿ”ธ Spirituality – Religious life
  • ๐Ÿ”ธ Tolerance - Embraces everyone

๐Ÿ‘ฅ Ethnic Groups of India!

๐Ÿงฌ 6 major ethnic groups - SVG
๐Ÿ‘ฅ 6 ethnic groups of India ๐Ÿ‘ฅ 1. Negrito (Negrito) โ€ข Primitive inhabitants โ€ข Short stature, curly hair โ€ข Andaman Islands โ€ข Onge, Jarawa, Sentinelese 2. Australoid (Proto-Australoid) โ€ข Ancestor of Dravidians โ€ข Dark complexion, flat nose โ€ข Central and South India โ€ข Santal, Munda, Oraon 3. Mongoloid (Mongoloid) โ€ข People of North East โ€ข Yellow complexion, small eyes โ€ข Assam, Nagaland, Manipur โ€ข Naga, Mizo, Garo, Bodo 4. Dravidian (Dravidian / Mediterranean) โ€ข Of South Indian origin โ€ข Dark/dark, straight hair โ€ข Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh โ€ข Tamil, Telugu, Malayali 5. Nordic / Arian (Nordic / Aryan) โ€ข North Indian settlement โ€ข Tall appearance, white color โ€ข Punjab, Kashmir, Rajasthan โ€ข Brahmins, Rajputs 6. West Akaltala (Western Brachycephals) โ€ข Wide head shape โ€ข Gujarat, Maharashtra โ€ข Parsi, Konkani people โ€ข Gurjarr, Marathi ๐Ÿค Racial Integration - RACIAL INTEGRATION For thousands of years these species have intermingled They have created a single identity of "Indian". ๐ŸŽฏ Memory: "You-as-mang-the-no-may" (6 species) Negrito โ†’ Australoid โ†’ Mongoloid โ†’ Dravidian โ†’ Nordic โ†’ Western Paleolithic
๐Ÿ“Š Species comparison table
race Body composition area example
Negrito Dwarf, curly hair, dark Andaman Onge, Jarawa
Australoid Dark, flat nose Central India Santal, Munda
Mongoloid Yellow, small eye Northeast Naga, Miz
Dravidian Fair complexion, medium height South India Tamil, Malayali
Nordic White, tall North India Punjabi, Kashmiri
West Akaltala Broad head Western India Parsi, Konkani

๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ Language wealth of India!

๐Ÿ“œ Language Families - SVG
๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ Indian Language Families ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ 1. Indo-Aryan Family (74%) โ€ข North and Central Indian languages โ€ข Sanskrit is mother tongue Languages: Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Gujarati, Punjabi, Odia, Assamese, Urdu, Sindhi 2. Dravidian Family (24%) โ€ข South Indian languages โ€ข Distinct language family Languages: Tamil โญ, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam โญ Tamil - First Classic (2004) 3. Austro-Asiatic Family (1.3%) โ€ข Tribal languages โ€ข Central and Eastern India Languages: Santali, Mundari, Ho, Kasi, Nicobari 4. Sino-Tibetan Family (0.7%) โ€ข North-Eastern Hill Languages โ€ข Tibetan connection Languages: Bodo, Naga, Mizo, Manipuri, Lepsa ๐Ÿ“œ 8th Schedule โ€“ 22 Official Languages Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu Recent additions: Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santali (2003) ๐Ÿ† Classical Languages โ€‹โ€‹- 6 Tamil (2004) | Sanskrit (2005) | Telugu (2008) | Kannada (2008) | Malayalam (2013) | Odia (2014)
๐Ÿ† Classics comparison
Language Year of Recognition Special
Tamil ๐Ÿฅ‡ 2004 The first classical, 2000+ year old literature
Sanskrit 2005 Vedas, Upanishads
Telugu 2008 Italian of the East
Kannada 2008 The inscription is rich
Malayalam 2013 Association literary communication
Odia 2014 Jagannath devotional literature

๐Ÿ™ Religions of India - Religious Harmony!

๐Ÿ•‰๏ธ Religions - SVG Overview
๐Ÿ™ Religions of India - SECULARISM ๐Ÿ™ ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ณ Religions that originated in India ๐Ÿ•‰๏ธ Hindu 79.8% Vedas, Upanishads Karma, Moksha โ˜ธ๏ธ Buddha 0.7% Gautama Buddha (563 BCE) Ashtanga Dharma ๐Ÿ™ Jainism 0.4% Mahavira (540 BCE) Ahimsa, Aparigraha โ˜ฌ Sikhism 1.7% Guru Nanak (1469) Gurugrant Sahib ๐ŸŽฏ "e-bu-sa-see" = originated in India Hinduism โ†’ Buddhism โ†’ Jainism โ†’ Sikhism ๐ŸŒ Originated abroad and came to India โ˜ช๏ธ Islam 14.2% Prophet Muhammad (570 CE) Quran, 5 Pillars โœ๏ธ Christianity 2.3% Jesus Christ Bible, love โœก๏ธ Judaism 0.01% Moses, Torah The Jews of Cochin ๐Ÿ”ฅ Parsi 0.01% Zarathustra, Avesta Fire worship ๐ŸŽฏ "e-ki-u-pa" = originated abroad Islam โ†’ Christianity โ†’ Judaism โ†’ Parsi ๐Ÿ›๏ธ SECULARISM โ€ข Government neither supports nor opposes any religion โ€ข 42nd Amendment (1976) - Addition of SECULAR | Equal rights for all religions ๐Ÿ“Š 2011 Census - Religious Population Hindu: 79.8% | Islam: 14.2% | Christianity: 2.3% | Sikhism: 1.7% | Buddha: 0.7% | Balance: 0.4%
๐Ÿ“Š Religions Comparison
religion Founder holy book holy place %
Hindu - Vedas, Gita Varanasi, Kashi 79.8
Islam Prophet Muhammad Koran Makkah 14.2
Christianity Jesus Bible Jerusalem 2.3
Sikhism Guru Nanak Gurugrant Sahib Amritsar 1.7
Buddha Gautama Buddha Tripitaka Teacher 0.7
Jainism Mahavira Agamas Bhavapuri 0.4

๐ŸŽ‰ Festivals & Customs of India!

๐ŸŽŠ Major Festivals - SVG
๐ŸŽ‰ Indian Festivals ๐ŸŽ‰ ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ณ National Festivals Republic Day January 26 Independence Day August 15 Gandhi Jayanti October 2 ๐Ÿ•‰๏ธ Hindu festivals ๐Ÿช” Diwali - the day of light ๐ŸŽจ Holi - Festival of Colours ๐Ÿ˜ Ganesh Chaturthi - Maharashtra ๐Ÿ”ฑ Navratri โ€“ 9 day festival ๐Ÿน Dussehra / Vijayadashami ๐ŸŒพ Pongal / Makara Sankranti ๐ŸŽ‹ Onam - Kerala โ˜ช๏ธ Islamic Festivals ๐ŸŒ™ Eid ul Fitr - End of Ramadan ๐Ÿ Eid ul Adha / Bakreet ๐Ÿ“ฟ Milad-un-Nabi - Prophet's birthday โœ๏ธ Christian festivals ๐ŸŽ„ Christmas - December 25 โœ๏ธ Good Friday, Easter โ˜ฌ Sikh festivals ๐Ÿ™ Guru Nanak Jayanti ๐ŸŽŠ Baisakhi - New Year (April 13) โ˜ธ๏ธ Buddhist/Jain festivals ๐ŸŒ• Buddha Purnima - Vaisakh Purnima ๐Ÿ™ Mahavir Jayanti, Paryushan ๐Ÿ—บ๏ธ State/Regional Festivals ๐ŸŒพ Pongal - Tamil Nadu | ๐Ÿ๏ธ Onam - Kerala | ๐Ÿฆ Bihu - Assam | ๐ŸŽ‹ Lori - Punjab ๐ŸŒบ Durga Puja - Bengal | ๐ŸŽจ Rajas - Odisha | ๐Ÿœ๏ธ Pushkar Mela - Rajasthan | ๐Ÿ›• Kumbh Mela - UP
๐Ÿ“… Main Customs (Customs)
Litigation Explanation Area/Specialty
๐Ÿ™ Namaskar Say hello Non-violence, respect
๐Ÿ‘ฃ Pada Namaskar Elderly morning touch Getting blessed
๐Ÿ”ด Tilak/Pottu Saffron on the forehead Anja Chakra
๐Ÿ’ Marriage 7 cord, thali Regional differences
๐Ÿ•ฏ๏ธ Aarti Lighting Welcome, worship
๐Ÿฅฅ Cracking coconut Beginning of blessings Removal of ego

๐Ÿ’ƒ Indian Dances!

๐ŸŽญ 8 Classical Dances - SVG
๐Ÿ’ƒ 8 Classical Dances ๐Ÿ’ƒ 1. Bharatanatyam Tamil Nadu โ€ข Fundamentals of Natya Shastra โ€ข Goddess Rukmini Devi โ€ข Tanjore Four โ€ข Grind, half knee 2. Kathakali Kerala โ€ข Facial expressions are special โ€ข Color Face (Green/Red) โ€ข Story of Ramayana/Mahabharata โ€ข Manifestation of Navarasams 3. Kathak Uttar Pradesh โ€ข The art of storytelling โ€ข Chakar, Tadkar โ€ข Lucknow, Jaipur Gharana โ€ข Birju Maharaj 4. Kuchipudi Andhra โ€ข Kuchipudi village โ€ข Tharangam - On the lotus โ€ข Chitra Lakshmi โ€ข Addition of dance, abhinayam 5. Odyssey Odisha โ€ข Temple dance โ€ข Tripartite position โ€ข Sonal Mansingh โ€ข Jagannath worship 6. Manipuri Manipur โ€ข Ras Leela โ€ข Gentle movements โ€ข Krishna stories โ€ข Jawaharlal Sharif 7. Sattriya Assam โ€ข Creation of Shankaradeva โ€ข Vaishnava monasteries โ€ข Graduated in 2000 โ€ข Mankush dance 8. Mohiniattam Kerala โ€ข Mohini = Beauty โ€ข Women only โ€ข Lasya dance โ€ข Swathi Thirunal Maharaja ๐ŸŽฏ Memory: "Pa-ka-ka-ku-o-ma-sa-mo" (8 dances) Bharatanatyam โ†’ Kathakali โ†’ Kathak โ†’ Kuchipudi โ†’ Odissi โ†’ Manipuri โ†’ Sathyariya โ†’ Mohiniyattam ๐ŸŽช Folk Dances ๐Ÿ”ด Bangara, Kita - Punjab | ๐ŸŸก Garba, Tandia - Gujarat | ๐ŸŸข Bihu - Assam ๐Ÿ”ต Gummi, Karakattam - Tamil Nadu | ๐ŸŸฃ Lavani - Maharashtra | ๐ŸŸ  According to Coochie - Andhra Pradesh โšช Kotipudi - Odisha | ๐Ÿ”ด Ras Leela - U.P. | ๐ŸŸก Sat - West Bengal ๐ŸŸข Kalbelia - Rajasthan | ๐Ÿ”ต Theyam - Kerala | ๐ŸŸฃ Puliyat - Karnataka
๐Ÿ“Š Comparison of 8 classical dances
Dance State Special Famous
Bharatanatyam Tamil Nadu Grind, Natya Shastra Rukmini Devi, Balasaraswati
Kathakhali Kerala Facial expression, color makeup Kalamandalam Gopi
Kathak UP Thadkar, Chakhar Birju Maharaj
Kuchipudi Andhra wave Raja & Radha Reddy
Odyssey Odisha Tribangi Sonal Mansingh
Manipuri Manipur Ras Leela Jawaharlal Sharif
sattriya Assam Vaishnava monastery Bhimalatha, Indira Barbhugan
Mohiniyattam Kerala Women only Sanyukta Panigrahi

๐ŸŽต Indian Music Legacy!

๐ŸŽถ Two music modes - SVG
๐ŸŽต Indian Music - Carnatic vs Hindustani ๐ŸŽต ๐ŸŽถ Carnatic music (South India) ๐Ÿ† Trimurtis: โ€ข Thyagaraja (1767-1847) โ€ข Muthuswamy Dikshitar (1775-1835) โ€ข Syama Shastri (1762-1827) ๐Ÿ“œ Features: โ€ข 72 Melakartha Ragas โ€ข Kirtana, Kriti, Varnam โ€ข Devotional songs โ€ข Veena, Mritangam, Flute โ€ข M.S. Subbulakshmi, Semmangudi ๐ŸŽถ Hindustani music (North India) ๐Ÿ† Garanas: โ€ข Gwalior Gharana โ€ข Lucknow Gharana โ€ข Jaipur Gharana ๐Ÿ“œ Features: โ€ข 10 thot times โ€ข Drupat, Gyal, Tumari, Ghajal โ€ข Alab, Zor, Jala โ€ข Sitar, tabla, sarod, sarangi โ€ข Pandit Ravi Shankar, Tansen ๐Ÿ“Š Comparison - COMPARISON feature Karnataka Hindustani area South India North India Ragam 72 Sir 10 Thad Rhythm 35 rhythms less ๐ŸŽป Musical Instruments: Veena, Sitar, Tabla, Mridhangam, Flute, Nataswara, Harmonium
๐Ÿ† Famous musicians
Artist genre of music Special
M.S. Subbulakshmi Karnataka Bharat Ratna, sang at UN
Tansen Hindustani Akbar Navaratnam
Pandit Ravi Shankar Sitar Bharat Ratna, world fame
Bismilla Khan Shahnai Bharat Ratna
Birju Maharaj Kathak Lucknow Garana
Lata Mangeshkar Background Bharat Ratna, Vocalist

๐Ÿ› Indian Food & Dress Diversity!

๐Ÿฝ๏ธ Regional Foods - SVG
๐Ÿ› Regional dishes of India ๐Ÿ› ๐Ÿ”๏ธ North India โ€ข Roti, na, paratha โ€ข Punjabi food, Tandoori โ€ข Kashmir Vaswan โ€ข Lassi, Chai, Kalbi โ€ข Wheat base ๐ŸŒด South India โ€ข Idli, Dosa, Sambar โ€ข Rice, rasam, fries โ€ข Kerala Satya, Appam โ€ข Hyderabad Biryani โ€ข Rice base ๐Ÿ๏ธ East India โ€ข Bengali fish curry โ€ข Roshokolla, Sandesh โ€ข Odisha: Thali, Gaja โ€ข Assam: Machor Tenga โ€ข Fish, rice, sweets ๐Ÿœ๏ธ Western India โ€ข Gujarat: Debla, Undyu โ€ข Maharashtra: Vada Pav โ€ข Goa: Curry Fish, Vindalu โ€ข Rajasthan: Tal Bhatti โ€ข Vegetarian, spicy, sweet โ›ฐ๏ธ Northeast โ€ข Momo, Dugba โ€ข Meghalaya: Jatoh โ€ข Nagaland: Smoked meat โ€ข Manipur: Eromba โ€ข Bamboo flavor, fermented ๐Ÿ›๏ธ Central India โ€ข Madhya Pradesh: Poha โ€ข Bihar: Liti Choka โ€ข Jharkhand: Duska โ€ข Chhattisgarh: Farah โ€ข Simple, tribal food ๐Ÿ‘— Traditional Dress ๐Ÿ”ด Saree - Pan India | ๐ŸŸก Salwar Kameez - North | ๐ŸŸข Lungi/Vesti - South ๐Ÿ”ต Kanjivaram - Tamil Nadu | ๐ŸŸฃ Banaras - U.P. | ๐ŸŸ  Patola - Gujarat โšช Kurta Pajama - North | ๐Ÿ”ด Meghalaya Sator - Assam | ๐ŸŸก Pak - Punjab ๐ŸŸข Mongdu - Manipur | ๐Ÿ”ต Fayron - Kerala | ๐ŸŸฃ Kakshore - Rajasthan
๐Ÿ‘— State Clothing Comparison
State Men's clothing Female dress Special
Tamil Nadu Vest, shirt saree (kanjivaram) Silk saree
Punjab Kurta, Pak Salwar Kameez Phulkari
Rajasthan Thoti, Angarka Kanjali, Otni Bondi work
Kerala Mundu Kasu saree White-gold
Gujarat Catia Sanya Choli Patola
Assam Suriya Meghalaya Sator Muga silk

๐Ÿ›๏ธ Indian Art & Architecture!

๐ŸŽจ Painting Arts - SVG
๐ŸŽจ Indian Painting Arts ๐ŸŽจ ๐Ÿ–ผ๏ธ Miniatures โ€ข Mughal Painting - Akbar, Jahangir โ€ข Rajput Painting - Rajasthan โ€ข Pahari painting - Himachal โ€ข Deccan Painting - Hyderabad ๐Ÿ–Œ๏ธ Folk painting โ€ข Madhubani - Bihar (Mithila) โ€ข Worli - Maharashtra โ€ข Kalamkari - Andhra Pradesh โ€ข Pattachitra - Odisha ๐ŸŽจ More folk paintings โ€ข Thanjavur - Tamil Nadu (Gold Work) โ€ข Bichwai - Rajasthan โ€ข Gond - Madhya Pradesh โ€ข Kerala mural ๐Ÿ›๏ธ Architectural styles โ€ข Nagara - North India (Peak) โ€ข Dravidian - South India (Gopuram) โ€ข Vesara โ€“ Madhya (Mixed) โ€ข Indo-Islamic โ€“ dome ๐Ÿฐ UNESCO Heritage Sites (India - 42) ๐Ÿ”ถ Taj Mahal - Agra | ๐Ÿ”ท Ajanta, Ellora - Maharashtra ๐Ÿ”ถ Khajuraho - M.B. | ๐Ÿ”ท Konark Sun Temple - Odisha ๐Ÿ”ถ Mamallapuram - Tamilnadu | ๐Ÿ”ท Hampi - Karnataka ๐Ÿ”ถ Sanchi Stupam - M.B. | ๐Ÿ”ท Qutub Minar - Delhi ๐Ÿ”ถ Chola Temples - Tanjore | ๐Ÿ”ท Fatehpur Sikri - U.P.
๐Ÿ“Š Paintings comparison
Painting State Special Meaning
Madhupani Beggar Natural dye, line work Marriage, mythology
Varley Maharashtra White circle, triangle Daily life
Thanjavur Tamil Nadu Gold work, glitter Deities
Kalamkari Andhra Painting on fabric Mythological stories
Pattasitra Odisha A roll of cloth The story of Jagannath
Pichwai Rajasthan Clothes hanger Krishna Leela

๐ŸŽฏ Indian Culture - Quick Revision!

๐Ÿง  Memory Tricks - SVG
๐ŸŽฏ SUPER MEMORY TRICKS ๐ŸŽฏ ๐Ÿ‘ฅ 6 species Negrito, Australoid, Mongoloid Dravidian, Nordic, Western Ghats "You-ah-ma-the-no-may" ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ 4 language families Indo-Aryan (74%), Dravidian (24%) Austro-Asiatic (1.3%), Sino-Tibetan (0.7%) "E-the-a-see" = 74-24-1.3-0.7 ๐Ÿ“œ 8th Table 22 official languages 2003 Addition: Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santali "Po-Do-My-Sun" (2003) ๐Ÿ† 6 classics Tamil (2004), Sanskrit (2005) Telugu, Kannada (2008), Malayalam (2013), Odia (2014) "Th-sa-the-ga-ma-o" ๐Ÿ’ƒ 8 classical dances Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Kathak, Kuchipudi Odissi, Manipuri, Chatriya, Mohiniyattam "Pa-ka-ka-ku-o-ma-sa-mo" ๐Ÿ™ Religions - Origin India: Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, Sikh Outer: Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Parsi "E-bu-sa-see" | "E-ki-u-pa" ๐ŸŽต Carnatic Trimurtis Thiagarajar, Muthuswamy Dikshithar, Syama Shastri "T-M-S" (T-M-S) ๐ŸŽจ folk paintings Madhubani-Bihar, Worli-Maha, Thanjavur-Tamil, Kalamkari-An "ma-wa-ta-ka" ๐Ÿ”ฅ HOT FAQ - TNPSC Q: The first classical language? โ†’ Tamil (2004) Q: How many languages โ€‹โ€‹are in 8th schedule? โ†’ 22 Q: Trimurtis of Carnatic music? โ†’ Thiagarajar, Muthuswamy Dikshithar, Syama Shastri Q: Madhubani painting is from which state? โ†’ Bihar | Q: When did SECULAR join? โ†’ 42nd Amendment (1976)
๐Ÿ“ One Liner Facts
๐Ÿ”น First Classical Tamil (2004)
๐Ÿ”น 8th Schedule Languages 22
๐Ÿ”น Indo-Aryan % 74%
๐Ÿ”น Dravidian Language % 24%
๐Ÿ”น Hindu Population % 79.8% (2011)
๐Ÿ”น Classical dances 8
๐Ÿ”น UNESCO Sites (India) 42
๐Ÿ”น Carnatic Melakartha Ragas 72
๐Ÿ”น SECULAR addition 42nd Amendment (1976)
๐Ÿ”น Ethnic groups 6 (Negrito to West Akaltala)
๐ŸŽฏ Quick Numbers
  • 6→ Ethnic groups
  • 4→ Language families
  • 22→ Official languages
  • 6→ Classical languages
  • 8→ Classical dances
  • 72→ Melakartha Ragas
  • 42→ UNESCO sites
  • 3→ National festivals
Previous Topic South Indian History
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