Topic

Population, Education, Welfare

Population, Education, Health, Employment, Poverty

Learning Content

๐Ÿ‘ฅ Population - Population of India

Census 2011, Demographic Data, State Rankings

๐Ÿ‘ฅ Census 2011 Overview - SVG
๐Ÿ‘ฅ Population of India - Census 2011 ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ณ 121.08 Crore (1.21 Billion) World Rank: 2nd โ†’ Now 1st (2023: 140+ Crore) Census = Every 10 Years | 2021 Postponed ๐Ÿ“ˆ Decadal Growth 17.7% 2001-2011 Lowest Since 1921 ๐Ÿ‘ซ Sex Ratio 943 Females/1000 Males Child (0-6): 914 ๐Ÿ“š Literacy 74.04% Male: 82.14% Female: 65.46% ๐Ÿ™๏ธ Density 382 Per Sq.Km Urban: 31.16% ๐Ÿ† State Rankings - Census 2011 ๐Ÿฅ‡ Most Population 1. UP โ€“ 19.98 Cr 2. Maharashtra - 11.24 Cr 3. Bihar - 10.41 Cr Least: Sikkim ๐Ÿ“Š Highest Density 1. Bihar - 1106 2. W.Bengal - 1028 3. Kerala โ€“ 860 Least: Arunachal (17) ๐Ÿ“š Highest Literacy 1. Kerala โ€“ 94% 2. Mizoram - 91.3% 3. Tripura - 87.2% Least: Bihar (63.8%) โ™€๏ธ Best Sex Ratio 1. Kerala โ€“ 1084 2. Puducherry - 1037 3. Tamil Nadu - 996 Worst: Haryana (879) ๐Ÿ“‹ Census History & Key Facts First Census: 1872 (Non-Sync) First Sync Census: 1881 Census 2011: 15th Census Registrar General of India (RGI) conducts Census HQ: New Delhi
๐Ÿ“Š Census 2011 Data Table
Parameter Value Rank/Notes
Total Population 121.08 Crore World 2nd (Now 1st)
Male Population 62.32 Crore 51.47%
Female Population 58.76 Crore 48.53%
Decadal Growth 17.7% Lowest since 1921
Density 382/sq.km 2001: 325
Sex Ratio 943 2001: 933
Child Sex Ratio 914 0-6 Age Group
Literacy Rate 74.04% 2001: 64.8%

๐Ÿ“š Education - Education in India

NEP, RTE, Education Schemes, Literacy Programmes

๐Ÿ“š Education Policy Evolution - SVG
๐Ÿ“š History of Indian Education Policy ๐Ÿ“œ NEP 1968 Kothari Commission Based โœ“ 10+2+3 System โœ“ 6% of GDP for Education โœ“ Three Language Formula First National Policy ๐Ÿ“œ NEP 1986 Rajiv Gandhi Era โœ“ Operation Blackboard โœ“ Navodaya Vidyalaya โœ“ IGNOU Established Revised: 1992 (POA) ๐Ÿ“œ NEP 2020 K. Kasturirangan Committee โœ“ 5+3+3+4 System โœ“ Mother Tongue Medium (Class 5) โœ“ GER 50% by 2035 Replaces 10+2 After 34 Years ๐Ÿ“‹ RTE Act 2009 (Right to Education) Article 21A (86th Amendment) Free Education: Age 6-14 25% EWS Quota (Private) Implemented: April 1, 2010 | Fundamental Right ๐ŸŽ“ Major Education Schemes SSA Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan 2001 | Universal Elementary RMSA Rashtriya Madhyamik 2009 | Secondary Education Samagra Shiksha SSA + RMSA + TE Merged 2018 | Pre-School to Class 12 Mid-Day Meal PM POSHAN (2021) Class 1-8 | Hot Cooked Meal ๐ŸŽฏ NEP 2020: 5+3+3+4 = Foundation(3-8) + Preparatory(8-11) + Middle(11-14) + Secondary(14-18) Education Budget Target: 6% of GDP | Current: ~3%
๐Ÿ“Š NEP Comparison
Feature NEP 1968 NEP 1986 NEP 2020
Structure 10+2+3 10+2+3 5+3+3+4
Committee Kothari - Kasturirangan
Medium Regional Regional Mother Tongue (5)
GDP Target 6% 6% 6%
Focus Access Quality Multidisciplinary

๐Ÿฅ Health & Welfare

Health Indicators, Schemes, National Health Policy

๐Ÿฅ Health Indicators - SVG
๐Ÿฅ Indian Health Codes ๐Ÿ‘ถ IMR Infant Mortality Rate 28 per 1000 Live Births Best: Kerala (6) ๐Ÿคฐ MMR Maternal Mortality 97 per Lakh Live Births SDG Target: 70 ๐Ÿ“Š TFR Total Fertility Rate 2.0 Children per Woman Replacement: 2.1 โœ“ ๐Ÿ’ช Life Expectancy Average Lifespan 70.19 Years M: 68.4, F: 71.4 ๐Ÿฅ Major Health Schemes Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY (2018) โ‚น5 Lakh Cover/Family Secondary & Tertiary Care World's Largest Health Scheme NHM National Health Mission NRHM (2005) + NUHM (2013) Rural + Urban Health ASHA Workers Programme Mission Indradhanush 2014 - Immunization 7 Diseases Coverage TB, Diphtheria, Whooping Cough Tetanus, Polio, Measles, Hepatitis B JSY Janani Suraksha Yojana Institutional Delivery Cash Incentive for Mothers Under NHM | 2005 PMJAY-HWC Health & Wellness Centers 1.5 Lakh HWCs Target Primary Health Care Ayushman Bharat Component 1 POSHAN Abhiyaan National Nutrition Mission 2018 - Malnutrition Free Stunting, Wasting Reduction Target: 2022 (Extended)
๐Ÿ“Š Health Indicators Table
Indicator Current Value Best State SDG Target
IMR 28/1000 Kerala (6) <12
MMR 97/Lakh Kerala (19) 70
TFR 2.0 TN, Kerala (<1.8) 2.1 โœ“
Life Expectancy 70.19 Kerala (75+) -

๐Ÿ’ผ Employment & ๐Ÿ’” Poverty

Employment Types, Poverty Line, Measurement Committees

๐Ÿ’ผ Employment & Poverty - SVG
๐Ÿ’ผ Employment & ๐Ÿ’” Poverty ๐Ÿ“Š Unemployment Types Structural structure Skill Mismatch Technology Change Cyclical Cycle Economic Recession Demand Shortage Seasonal Seasonal Agriculture Tourism, Construction Disguised disappeared Zero Productivity Family Farm ๐Ÿ“œ Poverty Committees Alagh (1979) Calorie Based Rural: 2400 Cal Urban: 2100 Cal Lakdawala (1993) State-wise PLs CPI-AL (Rural) CPI-IW (Urban) Tendulkar (2009) MRP Method Rural: โ‚น816/month Urban: โ‚น1000/month Rangarajan (2014) MMRP Method Rural: โ‚น972/month Urban: โ‚น1407/month ๐Ÿ“ˆ Poverty Trend & Employment Data ๐Ÿ“‰ Poverty Reduction 1993-94: 45.3% 2011-12: 21.9% 2022-23: ~5% (MPI) ๐Ÿ“Š PLFS Data Urban Unemployment: ~6.5% Rural Unemployment: ~5.5% NSO - Periodic Labor Force Survey ๐Ÿ’ผ Employment Schemes MGNREGA - 100 Days PM-SVANidhi - Street Vendors PMEGP - Self Employment ๐ŸŒ Global Measures World Bank: $2.15/day (2022) UNDP MPI: Multidimensional SDG 1: No Poverty by 2030 India MPI Report: NITI Aayog
๐Ÿ“Š Poverty Committees Summary
Committee Year Method Rural PL Urban PL
Alagh 1979 Calories 2400 Cal 2100 Cal
Lakdawala 1993 State PL CPI-AL CPI-IW
Tendulkar 2009 MRP โ‚น816 โ‚น1000
Rangarajan 2014 MMRP โ‚น972 โ‚น1407

๐Ÿ“Š HDI & Global Indices

Human Development Index, Global Rankings

๐Ÿ“Š Global Indices - SVG
๐Ÿ“Š Global Indexes - India Rankings ๐Ÿ“ˆ HDI - Human Development Index UNDP Report | Annually India Rank: 134/193 (2024) Score: 0.644 (Medium) Components: Health + Education + Income ๐Ÿฝ๏ธ GHI - Global Hunger Index Concern Worldwide + Welthungerhilfe India Rank: 111/125 (2024) Score: 27.3 (Serious) 4 Indicators: Undernourishment, Wasting, Stunting, Mortality ๐Ÿ˜Š Happiness Index Rank: 126/143 UN SDSN Top: Finland โ™€๏ธ Gender Gap Rank: 129/146 WEF Report Top: Iceland ๐ŸŒฟ EPI Rank: 180/180 Yale University Environmental Performance ๐Ÿ’ฐ CPI Rank: 93/180 Transparency Int'l Corruption Perception ๐Ÿ“ฐ Press Freedom Rank: 159/180 RSF Report Top: Norway ๐Ÿฆ Ease of Business Rank: 63/190 (2020) World Bank Discontinued 2021
๐Ÿ“Š Index Summary Table
Index India Rank Publisher Top Country
HDI 134/193 UNDP Switzerland
GHI 111/125 Concern Worldwide Belarus
Happiness 126/143 UN SDSN Finland
Gender Gap 129/146 WEF Iceland
EPI 180/180 Yale Denmark
CPI 93/180 T.I Denmark

๐ŸŽฏ Shortcuts & Memory Tricks

Easy Memorization Ways for TNPSC Exam

๐Ÿ“ Memory Tricks - SVG
๐ŸŽฏ TNPSC Shortcuts & Tricks ๐Ÿ‘ฅ Census 2011 Trick "121 - 17 - 943 - 74" 121 = Population (Crore) 17.7 = Decadal Growth % 943 = Sex Ratio 74 = Literacy % ๐Ÿ“œ Poverty Committees - "ALTR" Alphabetical Order! A = Alagh (1979) L = Lakdawala (1993) T = Tendulkar (2009) R = Rangarajan (2014) ๐Ÿ“š NEP Years - "68-86-20" National Education Policy 1968 = 10+2+3 (Kothari) 1986 = Navodaya (Rajiv) 2020 = 5+3+3+4 (Kasturirangan) RTE 2009 = Art 21A ๐Ÿฅ Health Indicators "IMR-MMR-TFR" IMR = 28 (per 1000) MMR = 97 (per Lakh) TFR = 2.0 (Below 2.1 โœ“) Life Expectancy = 70 Years ๐Ÿ† Kerala King - State Toppers Kerala = Best in Most โœ“ Literacy: 94% โœ“ Sex Ratio: 1084 โœ“ IMR: 6 (Lowest) Bihar = Highest Density (1106) ๐Ÿ“Š HDI = "HEI" 3 Components H = Health (Life Expectancy) E = Education (Schooling Years) I = Income (GNI per Capita) India: 134th Rank, 0.644 ๐ŸŽฏ Remember: UP=Most Population | Bihar=Highest Density | Kerala = Best Development
๐Ÿ”ฅ TNPSC Most Asked Points
๐Ÿ“Š Census 2011 Quick Facts:
  • Total:121.08 Crore| Growth:17.7%
  • Sex Ratio:943| Child SR:914
  • Literacy:74.04%(M:82.14%, F:65.46%)
  • Density:382/sq.km
๐Ÿ“š Education Policy Committees:
  • Kothari Commission → NEP 1968
  • Kasturirangan Committee → NEP 2020
  • RTE 2009 → 86th Amendment → Article 21A
๐ŸŒ Index Publishers:
  • HDI = UNDP | GHI = Concern Worldwide
  • Gender Gap = WEF | Happiness = UN SDSN
  • CPI = Transparency International
  • Press Freedom = RSF | EPI = Yale
DISCLAIMER

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