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Indian National Congress

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🏛️ Indian National Congress - Inception

1885 - First organization of Indian National Movement

🏛️ Congress appearance
🏛️ Indian National Congress - 1885 📜 Origin: December 28, 1885 Venue: Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay Founder: Alan Octavian Hume (Retired ICS Officer) 👥 First Conference Details 👤 First President Umesh Chandra Banerjee Bengal Lawyer 72 delegates participated 🎯 Resolutions of the First Conference ✓ Indian representation in legislatures ✓ Conduct ICS exam in India as well ✓ Reduction of manpower cost ✓ Abolition of salt tax 📜 Safety valve principle "Safety Valve Theory" Presented by Lala Lajpati Roy British Congress The idea that they were created to control 🏛️ Early Conferences (1885-1905) 1885 - Bombay Umesh Chandra Banerjee 72 representatives First conference 1886 - Calcutta Dadabhai Navroji 436 delegates "Indian Periyar" 1887 - Madras Badruddin Diabji The first Muslim leader 607 representatives 1888 - Allahabad George Yule First British President 1248 representatives 🌟 Major "Firsts" - Congress First President: Umesh Chandra First Muslim: Badruddin First Englishman: George Yule First Woman: Annie Besant (1917) First Indian Woman: Sarojini Naidu (1925) | Founder: A.O. Hume
📊 Early Conferences
year Place Chairman Special
1885 Bombay Umesh Chandra Banerjee First Convention, 72 delegates
1886 Calcutta Dadabhai Navroji 436 delegates
1887 Madras Badruddin Diabji The first Muslim leader
1888 Allahabad George Yule First British President
1889 Bombay William Wedderburn The second is English

🕊️ Moderation Period (1885-1905)

Petition, supplication, petition - the three "M" principle

🕊️ Moderates - Key Leaders
🕊️ Moderation Period (1885-1905) 📜 Policy of Moderates - "3rd" Petition(s) | Request (request) | Madipichi (begging) Faith in the British - Struggle through the Constitution 👥 Prominent moderate leaders 👤 Dadabhai Navroji "Indian Periyar" | "The Great Old Man" ✓ Theory of wealth drain ✓ “Indian Poverty” Text ✓ Member of British Parliament 3-time Congress President (1886, 1893, 1906) 👤 Gopala Krishna Gokhale "Socrates of Indian Politics" ✓ Gandhi's political guru ✓ Indian Sevakar Sangam (1905) ✓ Member of the Imperial Legislature Pune - Maharashtra Surendranath Banerjee "Father of Indian Nationality" ✓ Indian Society (1876) ✓ "The Bengali" magazine ✓ 2 time Congress president Bengal – One of the first ICS officers 👤 Ferosha Mehta "Lion of Bombay" ✓ Mayor of Bombay Municipality ✓ 1890 Congress President ✓ Law reformer 👤 M.G. Ranade Mahadeva Govind Ranade ✓ Prarthana Samaj ✓ Social reformer ✓ Supporter of widow remarriage 👤 Ananda Mohan Bose Bengal ✓ Co-Founder of Indian Society ✓ 1898 Congress President ✓ Educational reformer 📜 Struggle methods of moderates 📝 Sending petitions 📰 Awareness through Journalism 🎤 Public meetings 📜 Implementation of resolutions 🤝 Negotiation Belief: Englishmen are fair and will accept demands
📊 Comparison of moderate leaders
Chairman degree Major contribution thread/system
Dadabhai Navroji Indian Periyar Theory of wealth drain Indian poverty
Gopala Krishna Gokhale Socrates of Politics Guru of Gandhi Sevakar Sangh
Surendranath Banerjee Father of the Nation Indian Association The Bengali
Perosha Mehta The Lion of Bombay Municipal administration -

🔥 Era of Terror (1905-1920)

Lal-Pal-Pal - Terrorist trinity

🔥 Terrorists - Key Leaders
🔥 Era of Terror (1905-1920) 📜 Policy of Extremists - "4 S" Swaraj | Swadeshi | Neglect | National education Motto: "Freedom is our Birthright" - Tilak 👥 "Lal-Pal-Pal" - Extreme triplets 👤 La La Lajpati Roy "Punjab Lion" | "Punjab Kesari" ✓ Punjab – Member of Arya Samaj ✓ Anti-Simon lathi charge ✓ "Young India" book ✓ Died on November 17, 1928 "Every step of my body..." Bhagatsingh blames - Saunders murder 👤 Bala Gangadhara Tilak "Lokamanyar" | "Anjanenchan" ✓ Maharashtra - Sidbhavan Brahmin ✓ Kesari, Maratha newspapers ✓ Ganapati and Shivaji festivals ✓ "Freedom is our Birthright" ✓ 6 years in Mandalay Jail "Gita Secret" Text | Died August 1, 1920 👤 Bipin Chandra Pal "Father of Indian Revolution" ✓ Bengal ✓ "New India" magazine ✓ "Pariday Mataram" magazine ✓ Propagator of nationalist thought ✓ “Indian Nationalism” Text Pioneer of Swadeshi Movement ⚡ Surat Split - 1907 🕊️ Moderates Chairman: Gokhale, Perosha Mehta Struggle through the Constitution Congress was in control 🔥 Terrorists Chairman: Tilakar, Arvinder, Lajpati Roy Boycott, struggle through Swadeshi Departed - 1916 Reunion at Lucknow 🎯 1916 Lucknow Pact – Congress reunification Annie Besant, Tilak Tri | Congress-Muslim League Pact | Jinnah-Tilak talks
📊 Comparison of terrorist leaders
Chairman degree State magazine Main thread
Lala Lajpati Roy Punjab lion Punjab - Young India
Bala Gangadhara Tilak Lokmanyar Maharashtra Kesari, Maratha Gita secret
Bipin Chandra Pal Father of revolution Bengal New India Indian Nationalism

🎯 Indian National Congress - Shortcuts & Memory Tricks

Easy to remember for TNPSC Exam

📝 Memory tricks
🎯 Shortcuts & Memory Tricks 🏛️ Congress "Firsts" - "Ubhaja" Remembering the first leaders U = Umesh Chandra (First President) B = Badruddin (First Muslim) J = George Yule (First Englishman) A = Annie Besant (First Lady - 1917) 🕊️ Modest Leader Tactic - "Dagosu" Remember moderate leaders Tha = Dadabhai Navroji (Periyar) K = Cocaele (Socrates) Su = Surendranath (Father of the Nation) Bo = Ferosha (Lion of Bombay) 🔥 Terrorists - "Lal-Pal-Pal" Trinity - 3 state Lal = Lala Lajpati Rai (Punjab) Pal = Bala Gangadhara Tilak (Maharashtra) Pal = Bibin Chandra Pal (Bengal) "Panj-Maha-Vang" states 📅 Key Years - "85-05-07-16" History of Congress 1885 = Beginning of Congress (Bombay) 1905 = Partition of Bengal, terrorist uprising 1907 = Surat split 1916 = Treaty of Lucknow, Reunification 📜 Titles Commemoration - "Pesalo" Major degrees Periyar = Dadabhai Navroji Socrates = Cocaele Lokmanyar = Tilak Punjab Singh = Lajpati Rai 🏙️ Conference Venues - "Bagama" First 4 conferences B = Bombay (1885, 1889) K = Calcutta (1886, 1896, 1906) M = Madras (1887, 1894) A = Allahabad (1888, 1892)
📊 Quick comparison tables
🔴 Moderates vs Extremists:
feature moderates Terrorists
Period 1885-1905 1905-1920
method Petition, supplication Neglect, Swadeshi
hope The Englishman is righteous To be free
Leaders Dadabai, Gokhale Tilak, Lajpati Roy
🎯 TNPSC Important Points
🔥 TNPSC Most Asked:
  • Founder of Congress:A.O. Hume (Allen Octavian Hume)
  • First President:Umesh Chandra Banerjee
  • First Muslim Leader:Badruddin Diabji (1887)
  • First Woman President:Annie Besant (1917)
  • Theory of Wealth Drainage:Dadabhai Navroji
  • Surat Split:1907
✅ Key Slogans:
  • "Freedom is our Birthright":Tilak
  • "Vande Mataram":Bangim Chandra (Anandhamadam)
  • "Jai Hind":Subhash Chandra Bose
  • "Ingulab Zindabad":Bhagat Singh
📅 Congress Important Dates:
  • December 28, 1885:Congress Commencement (Bombay)
  • 1905:Partition of Bengal - Terrorist uprising
  • 1907:Surat split
  • 1916:Lucknow Agreement
  • 1917:Annie Besant President (First Woman)
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