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Tamil Nadu Freedom Struggle - Various Phases and Movements

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🚩 Liberation struggle of Tamil Nadu

Various stages and movements that took place from 1757-1947

🚩 Overview of Tamil Nadu Liberation Struggle
🚩 Tamil Nadu Freedom Struggle - Chronology 📜 Four main stages of struggle Early Uprisings → Moderate Period → Extremist Period → Gandhian Period ⏳ Chronological positions ⚔️ Level 1 (1757-1857) Initial upheavals • Camper War • Vellore Mutiny • Kattabomman • Marudu Brothers 🏛️ Level 2 (1885-1905) Moderation period • Mahajana Sabha • G.Subramania Iyer • The Hindu magazine • Petitions, requests 🔥 Stage 3 (1905-1920) Era of terrorism • Swadeshi movement • V.U.Chidambaran • Bharatiyar • Tirunelveli riots ✊ Stage 4 (1920-1947) Gandhian era • Non-cooperation • Salt Satyagraha • Get out, white man • Rajaji, Kamarasar 🏛️ Major Movements of Tamil Nadu 🚢 Swadeshi movement VA Chidambaranar - Shipping Company Bharatiyar - India magazine Subramania Siva Period 1905-1911 ✊ Self Esteem Movement Periyar - 1925 Social reform Rational movement Anti caste and religion 📰 Press movement The Hindu, Sudeshmitran India, Republic of Freedom, truth National awareness 🎯 Prominent leaders of Tamil Nadu Katabomman V.U.C Bharatiyar Periyar Rajaji Kamarasar bro Subramania Siva | Mr. V.K Netaji Subhash (Visit Tamil Nadu) | Mother Muthuletsumi Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha | Vellore Mutiny | Trichy Liberation Proclamation
📊 Struggle Levels Summary
condition Period trait Major events
Level 1 1757-1857 Armed uprisings Palayakar, Vellore Mutiny
Stage 2 1885-1905 Moderation Mahajana Sabha, petitions
Level 3 1905-1920 Terrorism Swadeshi, Tirunelveli riots
Level 4 1920-1947 Gandhian Struggle Get out, salt, white man

🔥 Swadeshi Movement & Era of Extremism (1905-1920)

Rise of Extremist Nationalism in Tamil Nadu

🔥 Swadeshi Movement - Tamil Nadu
🔥 Swadeshi Movement - Tamil Nadu (1905-1911) 🚢 V.U.Chitambaranar - Indigenous ship Swadeshi Navai Institute (1906) 📍 Tuticorin - Colombo ferry service 🚢 S.S. Kalia, S.S. Lao ⚔️ Anti-British India Steam ⛓️ Double life sentence (1908) Checked Semmal - Kannanur Jail 📰 Bharatiyar - India magazine National Poet & Journalist 📰 India Magazine Editor (1906) 🎵 Patriotic songs 🏃 Escape from Puducherry (1908) ✍️ Vande Mataram, Panjali Sapatam Arvinder Thommai - Puducherry 💥 Tirunelveli Riot (1908) Coral Mill Strike - Betrayal of Subedar Shiva 📜 Reasons • Coral Mill Labor Strike • Supported by VUC, Subramania Siva • Confession of Subedar Shiva 👥 Important people • V.U.Chidambaran • Subramanya Shiva • Killing Ash - Vanchinathan ⚖️ Consequences • WC dual life • Siva 10 years in jail • Repression of extremism 🔫 The Murder of Ash (1911) Vanchinathan - Maniachi Railway Station Collector Ash shot dead Objection to V.C. Punishment - Suicide 📰 Swadeshi newspapers National awareness media India, Sudeshamithran, Vijaya Chakravarthy - Women's magazine 🎯 Importance of Swadeshi Movement 💰 Economic Nationalism 🎭 Art and literature rise Terrorist politics Anti-Bengal Partition → Swadeshi Uprising in Tamil Nadu
📊 Swadeshi period events
year event Importance
1905 Partition of Bengal Beginning of Swadeshi Movement
1906 Swadeshi Navai Institute WC Shipping Service
1907 Surat Congress Militant faction
1908 Tirunelveli Riot V.U.C, Siva arrested
1911 Ash's murder Vanchinathan

✊ Gandhian Period - Tamil Nadu (1920-1947)

Non-cooperation, salt satyagraha, get out white man

✊ Gandhian protests - Tamil Nadu
✊ Gandhian protests - Tamil Nadu 🚫 Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) Gandhi's first major movement in Tamil Nadu 👤 Leaders • Rajaji • Periyar (in Congress) • E.V. Krishnamachari 📜 Activities • School and college truancy • Foreign fabric burning • Black shop boycott 🎯 Consequences • Periyar Jail • National awareness • Sauri saura → stop 🧂 Vedaranyam Uplu Satyagraha (1930) Tamil Nadu salt protest led by Rajaji 📍 Vedaranyam parade • April 13, 1930 Commencement • Trichy → Thanjavur → Vedaranyam • 240 km. Walking 👥 Key Participants • Rajaji – Chief • Sarojini Naidu • Mr. V. Kalyanasundaram ⚖️ Consequences • Rajaji arrested • Thousands in prison • National sentiment strengthened 🚫 Get Out White Man (1942) Get out of Tamilnadu white man 👤 Kamarasar Chief ⛓️ Mass arrests "Do or Die" - Tamil Nadu Answer 🏛️ Royal Indian Navy Mutiny (1946) A naval uprising in Chennai 📍 Bombay → Chennai spread 🎖️ Indian Navy mutiny The last uprising before independence 🎯 Tamil Nadu Gandhian Era Leaders Rajaji Kamarasar Periyar Mr. V.K OV Alagesan Bhaktavatchalam Sundaram Mother Muthuletsumi Muvalur Ramamirtham | Rukmini Aravindan | Ambasamudra Amma
📊 Gandhian Struggles - Comparison
Struggle year Chairman Place Special
non-cooperation 1920-22 Rajaji, Periyar All over Tamil Nadu Black shop strike
Salt satyagraha 1930 Rajaji Vedaranyam 240 km. style
Get out, white man 1942 Kamarasar Tamil Nadu Do or say
RIN Mutiny 1946 Navy Chennai The Last Rise

🎯 Tamil Nadu Liberation Struggle - Crossroads

Easy to remember for TNPSC Exam

📝 Memory tricks
🎯 Tamil Nadu Liberation Struggle - Crossroads ⏰ Four Stages – “Tamitika” Remembering the stages of struggle T = Early Period Uprisings (1757-1857) Mi = Moderation Period (1885-1905) Fire = Era of Terror (1905-1920) Ka = Gandhian period (1920-1947) 👤 Leaders - "Kawabara" Main leaders line up K = Kattabomman (farmer) V = V.U.Chitambaranar (Indigenous) P = Bharatiyar (National Poet) Ra = Rajaji, Kamarasa (Kandhya) 📍 Major Places - "Bavedive" Places of struggle Pa = Panchalankurichi (Kattabomman) Way = Vellore (Mutiny of 1806) The = Tirunelveli (riot of 1908) Ve = Vedaranyam (Salt 1930) 📰 Magazines - "Isukuvi" National newspapers E = India (Bharatiyar) Su = Sudeshamitra Ku = Commonwealth (Periyar) V = Liberation (Periyar) 📅 Important years 1799 - Execution of Kattabomman 1806 – Vellore Mutiny 1906 - Swadeshi Navai Institute 1908 – Tirunelveli Riot 1911 - Ash murder 1930 - Vedaranyam salt | 1942 - Get Out, White Man 🏷️ Degrees - Who to whom? Sailing Tamil = V.U.C Checked Semmel = V.U.C Mahakavi = Bharatiyar Vaikam player = Periyar Perunthalaivar = Kamarasa Guardian of Conscience = Rajaji
🔥 TNPSC Important Points
⭐ Frequently Asked Questions:
  • First Emancipation Proclamation:Marudu Brothers (Trichy, 1801)
  • First Sepoy Mutiny:Vellore Mutiny (1806)
  • Indigenous Shipping Company:W.C. (1906)
  • Vedaranyam Salt:Rajaji (1930)
  • Killing Ash:Vanjinathan (1911)
  • Tirunelveli Riot:VUC, Subramania Siva (1908)
📊 Quick comparison chart
year event Place Chairman/Person
1799 Execution of Kattabomman hurt Katabomman
1801 Emancipation Proclamation Trichy Maruthu's brother
1806 Vellore Mutiny Vellore Tipu's son
1906 Swadeshi Navai Tuticorin V.U.C
1908 Tirunelveli Riot Tirunelveli V.U.C, Siva
1911 Ash's murder Maniachi Vanchinathan
1925 Self-esteem movement Tamil Nadu Periyar
1930 Salt satyagraha Vedaranyam Rajaji
1942 Get out, white man Tamil Nadu Kamarasar
🎯 In one line - important information
  • Katabomman:"I will not pay tax" - Panchalankurichi Palaiyakar
  • WC:Semmal who was arrested - Tamil who sailed - double life sentence
  • Bhartiyar:Mahakavi - India Magazine - Puducherry Vasam
  • Rajaji:Vedaranyam Uplu - Last Governor General - Bharat Ratna (First)
  • Kamarasar:Perunthalaivar - Education Revolution - Jailed 9 times
  • Periyar:Vaikam player - self-esteem movement - rationality
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