Topic

Decompose

Complete guide to Pirithezuthuga (Word Division) for TNPSC exams. Detailed explanation with 20 examples, rules, practice exercises and important exam tips in Tamil and English.

Learning Content

Pirithezuthuga - Introduction

What is Pirithezuthuga?

Pirithezuthuga (Word Division) is the process of separating two or more words that are combined together in a phrase or sentence. This is one of the most important concepts in Tamil grammar.

Importance of Word Division

  • Helps understand the meaning of words clearly
  • Helps recognize the grammatical structure of the language
  • Direct questions are asked in TNPSC exams
  • Helps understand Tamil word formation

Basic Rules

1. Sandhi Rules (Punarchi)

When two words join in Tamil, the last letter of one word and the first letter of another word may change. This is called Punarchi.

Examples:

  • kal + arai = kallarai
  • sem + mai = semmai
  • vaan + ulagu = vaanulagu

2. Division Method

Combined words should be written back to their basic form.

Examples:

  • kallarai = kal + arai
  • semmai = sem + mai
  • vaanulagu = vaan + ulagu

Word Formation

Methods of word formation in Tamil:

  1. Root Word - Basic word
  2. Base - Basic form of verb
  3. Infix - Letter connecting two words
  4. Suffix - Sound added at the end of word

First 5 Examples

  1. palaappazham = palaa + pazham

    • Meaning: Jackfruit
  2. siruvaan = siru + vaan

    • Meaning: Small boy
  3. periyoor = periya + oor

    • Meaning: Elders
  4. karpanai = kal + panai

    • Meaning: Imagination
  5. murpakal = mun + pakal

    • Meaning: Forenoon

Pirithezuthuga - Rules & Types

Types of Sandhi (Punarchi)

Word division involves three types of sandhi:

1. Natural Sandhi (Iyalbu Punarchi)

Letters join without change

Examples:

  • maram + il = marathil
  • kadal + neer = kadalneer

2. Modified Sandhi (Vikaara Punarchi)

Letters join with changes

Examples:

  • vaan + pon = vaanpon
  • sem + nel = sennnel

3. Transformed Sandhi (Thiribu Punarchi)

Letters transform to different forms while joining

Examples:

  • nal + maram = nanmaram
  • in + pam = impam

Compound Letter Sandhi Rules

First Rule: Consonant Modification

When a consonant comes before a vowel, it becomes a compound letter.

Examples:
6. karumbu = karum + pu

  • Meaning: Sugarcane plant
  1. vennmai = venn + mai
    • Meaning: White color

Second Rule: Short 'U' Sound

Some words have the short 'u' sound.

Examples:
8. maraveer = maram + eer

  • Meaning: Tree root
  1. nagaravaasi = nagar + vaasi
    • Meaning: City dweller

Special Rules

Plural Suffix Addition

  1. koyilgal = koyil + gal

    • Meaning: Temples
  2. malargalil = malar + gal + il

    • Meaning: Among flowers

Infix Addition

  1. thaamaraippoo = thaamarai + poo

    • Meaning: Lotus flower
  2. vellaikkaaran = vellai + kaaran

    • Meaning: White person

Based on Word Types

Noun + Noun

  1. solaivanam = solai + vanam

    • Meaning: Forest grove
  2. aatrruneer = aaru + neer

    • Meaning: River water

Verb + Noun

  1. padikattu = padi + kattu
    • Meaning: Stairs/Steps

Pirithezuthuga - More Examples

Word Division in Common Usage

Common Words

  1. kalloori = kal + oori

    • Meaning: College (higher education place)
    • Explanation: kal (education) + oori (place)
  2. vellikizhamai = velli + kizhamai

    • Meaning: Friday
    • Explanation: Day of Venus planet
  3. ponnambalam = pon + ambalam

    • Meaning: Golden temple
    • Explanation: pon (gold) + ambalam (temple)
  4. senthamizh = sem + thamizh

    • Meaning: Pure Tamil
    • Explanation: sem (red/pure) + thamizh

Complex Word Division

Three Words Combined

Some words are combinations of three or more words.

Example:

  • kodumpaaloor = kodu + paal + oor
    • Meaning: A town name

Important Points in Word Division

1. Vowel Changes

Vowels may change in some words:

  • kadal + oram = kadaloram
  • vaasal + arai = vaasalarai

2. Consonant Doubling

A consonant may be doubled:

  • kal + arai = kallarai
  • pal + adai = palladai

3. Letter Omission

Some letters may be omitted:

  • maram + adi = marathadi
  • veedu + ul = veettul

TNPSC Exam Tips

Key Points:

  1. ✓ Learn sandhi rules thoroughly
  2. ✓ Practice common words
  3. ✓ Understand word origins
  4. ✓ Note exceptions
  5. ✓ Practice 10 words daily

Avoid Mistakes

❌ Wrong: kallarai = kal + larai
✓ Right: kallarai = kal + arai

❌ Wrong: semmai = sem + mai (without sandhi)
✓ Right: semmai = sem + mai (with 'm' doubling)

Practice Words

  1. paandiyan = paandi + an
  2. sozhan = sozha + an
  3. nalloor = nal + oor
  4. sennai = sem + nai
  5. muthalamaichar = muthal + amaichar

Pirithezuthuga - Practice & Exam Tips

20 Examples - Review

Complete List:

  1. palaappazham = palaa + pazham
  2. siruvaan = siru + vaan
  3. periyoor = periya + oor
  4. karpanai = kal + panai
  5. murpakal = mun + pakal
  6. karumbu = karum + pu
  7. vennmai = venn + mai
  8. maraveer = maram + eer
  9. nagaravaasi = nagar + vaasi
  10. koyilgal = koyil + gal
  11. malargalil = malar + gal + il
  12. thaamaraippoo = thaamarai + poo
  13. vellaikkaaran = vellai + kaaran
  14. solaivanam = solai + vanam
  15. aatrruneer = aaru + neer
  16. padikattu = padi + kattu
  17. kalloori = kal + oori
  18. vellikizhamai = velli + kizhamai
  19. ponnambalam = pon + ambalam
  20. senthamizh = sem + thamizh

TNPSC Exam Pattern

Question Types:

Type 1: Direct Question

Question: Which is correctly divided?

  • A) kallarai = kal + larai
  • B) kallarai = kalla + rai
  • C) kallarai = kal + arai ✓
  • D) kallarai = kallu + arai

Type 2: Find the Error

Question: Which is incorrectly divided?

  • A) semmai = sem + mai
  • B) vaanulagu = vaan + ulagu
  • C) murpakal = mun + pakal
  • D) kalloori = kallu + oori ✗

Type 3: Answer Type

Question: Divide 'senthamizh'
Answer: sem + thamizh

Practice Questions

Part A: Divide the Words

  1. nallaasirriyar = ?
  2. pennkuzhanthai = ?
  3. kadalkarai = ?
  4. veettuthottam = ?
  5. thamizhnaadu = ?

Answers:

  1. nal + aasirriyar
  2. penn + kuzhanthai
  3. kadal + karai
  4. veedu + thottam
  5. thamizh + naadu

Part B: Choose Correct Answer

  1. senkol divide:

    • A) seng + kol
    • B) sem + kol ✓
    • C) sengu + ol
    • D) semmai + kol
  2. munnoor divide:

    • A) mun + noor
    • B) mun + oor ✓
    • C) munnu + oor
    • D) munna + oor

Strategic Approach for Exam

Step-by-Step Method:

Step 1: Read the word carefully

  • Example: kallarai

Step 2: Find sandhi location

  • kal + larai? (wrong)
  • kal + arai? (correct)

Step 3: Identify original words

  • kal (stone/grave)
  • arai (room/chamber)

Step 4: Verify sandhi rule

  • l + a = lla (consonant doubling)

Key Rules to Remember

1. Consonant Doubling

  • kal + arai = kallarai
  • pal + adai = palladai
  • nal + aasaan = nallaasaan

2. Vowel Change

  • vaan + ulagu = vaanulagu
  • kadal + oram = kadaloram

3. Short 'u' Addition

  • maram + adi = marathadi
  • veedu + ul = veettul

Common Mistakes

Mistake 1: Forgetting Consonant Doubling

❌ kal + arai = kalarai
✓ kal + arai = kallarai

Mistake 2: Wrong Division Point

❌ semmai = semma + i
✓ semmai = sem + mai

Mistake 3: Wrong Original Word

❌ murpakal = murru + pakal
✓ murpakal = mun + pakal

Frequently Asked Words

Group 1: Geography

  • kadalkarai = kadal + karai
  • malaithodar = malai + thodar
  • aatrrankarai = aaru + karai

Group 2: People

  • aasirriyar = aasirriya + ar
  • maanavar = maanava + ar
  • petroor = petra + oor

Group 3: Time

  • murpakal = mun + pakal
  • pirpakal = pin + pakal
  • iravuneram = iravu + neram

Final Tips

Exam Writing Method:

  1. ⏰ Spend only 30 seconds per question
  2. 📝 Answer easy questions first
  3. 🔍 Remember sandhi rules when doubtful
  4. ✅ Verify meaning of each word
  5. 🎯 Increase speed through practice

Path to Success

✨ Daily 10 words - Practice
✨ Weekend revision - Review
✨ Monthly test - Take
✨ Clear doubts - Immediately

Congratulations! You have mastered Pirithezuthuga! 🎉

DISCLAIMER

This is an independent educational initiative. Not affiliated with TNPSC.
Please verify official sources before appearing for exams.