Education
Content
Meaning of Education
Education (Kalvi) means learning and acquiring knowledge by studying. This is the special quality that distinguishes humans from animals.
Simple Explanation:
- Education = Reading, learning, gaining knowledge
- Reading books
- Learning from teachers
- Understanding from experience
Types of Education
1. Book Education
- Education learned in school
- Learning from books
- Gaining literacy
2. Experiential Education
- Learning from life
- Learning lessons from mistakes
- Understanding from elders
3. Vocational Education
- Skills needed for work
- Learning crafts
- Understanding technologies
4. Moral Education
- Learning good qualities
- Knowing how to live a disciplined life
- Understanding justice and honesty
5. Social Education
- Interacting with others
- Learning social norms
- Developing relationships
Excellence of Education
1. Education Removes Darkness
- Removes the darkness of ignorance
- Makes us realize truth
- Makes life bright
2. Education Removes Poverty
- Get good jobs
- Helps earn money
- Improves quality of life
3. Education Gives Respect
- Get respect in society
- Everyone will appreciate
- Get good reputation
4. Education Gives Self-Confidence
- Increases self-confidence
- Helps make right decisions
- Helps live life excellently
Education in Thirukkural
Chapter Number: 40
Kural Numbers: 391-400
Iyal: Thuravaraviyal
Paal: Araththuppaal
Key Concept:
Thiruvalluvar says education is the foundation of life. He says one should learn without flaws, and after learning, live according to it.
Simple Examples
1. Good Student:
Goes to school on time daily
Listens carefully in class
Does homework properly
Respects teachers
This is education!
2. Educated Elder:
Analyzes and understands everything
Guides others
Makes good decisions
Is useful to society
This is the benefit of education!
3. Person Who Grew Through Education:
Has obtained a good job
Takes care of family well
Is respected in society
Helps others
This is the success of education!
Signs of Education
✓ Knowing to read and write
✓ Knowing truth from falsehood
✓ Distinguishing good from bad
✓ Acting with thought
✓ Respecting others
✓ Speaking with wisdom
✓ Making right decisions
✓ Setting up life excellently
Need for Education
For Students:
- Future will be bright
- Will get good jobs
- Can attain high position in society
For Parents:
- Can create good future for children
- Family will progress
- Will gain pride
For Society:
- Educated people will develop the nation
- Good leaders will emerge
- Society will progress
Important for TNPSC Exam
Remember:
- Education chapter number: 40
- Kural numbers: 391 to 400
- Total kurals: 10
- Iyal: Thuravaraviyal
- Paal: Araththuppaal
Kural 391
Karka Kasadara Karpavai Katrarin
Nirka Atharkkuth Thaga
Simple Meaning:
Learn faultlessly what should be learned, then live according to it.
For Students:
Education should be learned without flaws. What is learned must be practiced in life.
Kural 392
Enn Ezhuththu Indraak Kalai Illavaaam Enpa
Kanakku Ezhuththu Illavar Kadhai
Simple Meaning:
The life of those without arithmetic and letters is like art without skill.
For Students:
Life of those who don't know letters and numbers is useless. Basic education is very important.
Kural 393
Kallaathaan Sorkaa Mulakaththu Mallarkan
Therinum Ahdhe Thunai
Simple Meaning:
Even if an uneducated person suffers in poverty for want of words, that itself is his companion.
For Students:
One without education will languish in poverty. Education is the companion for life.
Kural 394
Kallaarkkuch Sollaathi Illai Kasadara
Vallaarkkku Vaazhkai Thunai
Simple Meaning:
Those who haven't learned have no eloquence. For those who have learned without flaws, education is life's companion.
For Students:
Uneducated people cannot speak properly. For the well-educated, education is great help.
Kural 395
Selvaththul Selvam Sevichselvam Achselvam
Selvaththul Ellaam Thalai
Simple Meaning:
Among wealth, the wealth of knowledge gained by hearing is best. That wealth is chief among all wealth.
For Students:
Knowledge wealth gained by listening is the true wealth. This is better than all other wealth.
Kural 396
Arivarindhaar Katraar Kasadatraar Katraar
Thelivi Lilaar Arivilaar
Simple Meaning:
Those who know wisdom are learned. Those without flaws are learned. Those without clarity are ignorant.
For Students:
Only those who have gained true knowledge are educated. Learning without clarity is useless.
Kural 397
Ezhuththarindhuk Kallaathaar Ellaam Puzhukum
Thettattru Veezhththu Maramu
Simple Meaning:
All those who know letters but haven't learned are like trees eaten by worms and falling.
For Students:
Those who know reading and writing but don't learn are useless. Learning must continue.
Kural 398
Kallaa Thavaraik Kadi Ninaip Patpalar
Kallaa Thavar Pol Arivu
Simple Meaning:
Many who rebuke the uneducated are themselves ignorant like the uneducated.
For Students:
Those who scold uneducated people are also ignorant. Everyone should be treated with respect.
Kural 399
Kallaarkkuk Kalliyaan Siththiyam Siththiram
Kallaatha Valluvan Kal
Simple Meaning:
The educated showing miracles to the uneducated is strange. The uneducated Valluvan is like stone.
For Students:
It's difficult to make uneducated understand. One without education is like a stone.
Kural 400
Ularennum Maathiraiyar Andre Kolarennum
Katrarindhaar Il
Simple Meaning:
They can only be called alive. Those who can be taken as worthy are only the learned.
For Students:
Uneducated people are merely alive. Only the educated are true human beings.
Fill in the Blanks Practice
1. Karka Kasadara ________ Katrarin
Answer: Karpavai
2. Nirka Atharkkuth ________
Answer: Thaga
3. Enn Ezhuththu Indraak ________ Illavaaam
Answer: Kalai
4. Kanakku Ezhuththu Illavar ________
Answer: Kadhai
5. Kallaathaan Sorkaa ________
Answer: Mulakaththu
6. Selvaththul Selvam ________
Answer: Sevichselvam
7. Achselvam Selvaththul Ellaam ________
Answer: Thalai
8. Arivarindhaar Katraar ________
Answer: Kasadatraar
9. Thelivi Lilaar ________
Answer: Arivilaar
10. Kallaa Thavaraik Kadi Ninaip ________
Answer: Patpalar
Section A: Quotation Questions (15)
1. "Karka Kasadara Karpavai" - Which chapter contains this kural?
Answer: Kalvi (Education) chapter
2. Which kural numbers contain the Kalvi chapter?
Answer: 391 to 400
3. "Enn Ezhuththu Indraak Kalai" - What is the meaning?
Answer: Life of those without arithmetic and letters is like art without skill
4. "Selvaththul Selvam Sevichselvam" - What is wealth?
Answer: Knowledge wealth gained by listening
5. In which Iyal is the Kalvi chapter?
Answer: Thuravaraviyal
6. "Kallaathaan Sorkaa Mulakaththu" - What is the meaning?
Answer: The uneducated will suffer in poverty
7. In which Paal is the Kalvi chapter?
Answer: Araththuppaal
8. "Nirka Atharkkuth Thaga" - What is the meaning?
Answer: Live according to what is learned
9. How many kurals are there in Kalvi chapter?
Answer: 10 kurals
10. "Arivarindhaar Katraar" - About whom is this?
Answer: Those who have gained true knowledge
11. What does Kural 391 say about?
Answer: Learn without flaws, after learning live according to it
12. "Puzhukum Thettattru Veezhththu Maramu" - Who does this refer to?
Answer: Those who know letters but haven't learned
13. What is the chapter number of Kalvi?
Answer: 40
14. "Kallaarkkuch Sollaathi Illai" - What is the meaning?
Answer: The uneducated have no eloquence
15. How does Thiruvalluvar describe education?
Answer: As the foundation of life
Section B: Fill in the Blanks (20)
1. Karka Kasadara ________ Katrarin
Answer: Karpavai
2. Nirka Atharkkuth ________
Answer: Thaga
3. Enn Ezhuththu Indraak ________ Illavaaam
Answer: Kalai
4. Kanakku Ezhuththu Illavar ________
Answer: Kadhai
5. Kallaathaan Sorkaa ________
Answer: Mulakaththu
6. Mallarkan Therinum Ahdhe ________
Answer: Thunai
7. Kallaarkkuch Sollaathi ________
Answer: Illai
8. Vallaarkkku Vaazhkai ________
Answer: Thunai
9. Selvaththul Selvam ________
Answer: Sevichselvam
10. Achselvam Selvaththul Ellaam ________
Answer: Thalai
11. Arivarindhaar Katraar ________
Answer: Kasadatraar
12. Thelivi Lilaar ________
Answer: Arivilaar
13. Ezhuththarindhuk Kallaathaar ________ Puzhukum
Answer: Ellaam
14. Thettattru Veezhththu ________
Answer: Maramu
15. Kallaa Thavaraik Kadi Ninaip ________
Answer: Patpalar
16. Kallaa Thavar Pol ________
Answer: Arivu
17. Kallaarkkuk Kalliyaan ________
Answer: Siththiyam
18. Kallaatha Valluvan ________
Answer: Kal
19. Ularennum Maathiraiyar ________
Answer: Andre
20. Katrarindhaar ________
Answer: Il
Section C: Match the Following (10)
1. Karka Kasadara Karpavai - Learn without flaws
2. Enn Ezhuththu Indraak Kalai - Basic education necessary
3. Selvaththul Selvam Sevichselvam - Knowledge wealth is best
4. Kallaathaan Sorkaa Mulakaththu - Uneducated languish in poverty
5. Nirka Atharkkuth Thaga - Practice what is learned in life
6. Arivarindhaar Katraar - Those with true knowledge are educated
7. Ezhuththarindhuk Kallaathaar - Must continue learning
8. Kallaatha Valluvan Kal - Uneducated is like stone
9. Thelivi Lilaar Arivilaar - Learning without clarity is useless
10. Ularennum Maathiraiyar - Only educated are true humans
Section D: True or False (10)
1. Kalvi chapter is in Porutpaal
Answer: False (It's in Araththuppaal)
2. There are 10 kurals in Kalvi chapter
Answer: True
3. Kalvi chapter number is 39
Answer: False (It's 40)
4. Kalvi chapter is in kurals 391-400
Answer: True
5. The uneducated will live wealthy
Answer: False (Will languish in poverty)
6. Knowledge wealth is the best wealth
Answer: True
7. Life of illiterate is useful
Answer: False (It's useless)
8. Kalvi chapter is in Illaraviyal
Answer: False (It's in Thuravaraviyal)
9. What is learned must be practiced in life
Answer: True
10. Uneducated are true humans
Answer: False (Only educated are true humans)
Section E: Short Answers (5)
1. State the importance of education.
Answer: Education is the foundation of life. Education removes ignorance, removes poverty, gives respect. One without education is like a stone.
2. "Karka Kasadara Karpavai" - Explain.
Answer: Learn what should be learned without flaws. After learning, live according to it. Education should be learned in a faultless way and practiced in life.
3. Why is knowledge wealth superior?
Answer: Knowledge wealth gained by hearing is better than all other wealth. Wealth like money can be lost, but knowledge wealth lasts forever.
4. "Ezhuththarindhuk Kallaathaar Ellaam" - Explain.
Answer: Those who know letters but haven't learned are like trees eaten by worms and falling. Merely knowing reading and writing is not enough, learning must continue.
5. What is the position of Kalvi chapter in Thirukkural?
Answer:
- Chapter number: 40
- Kural numbers: 391-400
- Iyal: Thuravaraviyal
- Paal: Araththuppaal