தலைப்பு

ஒன்றிய நிர்வாகம்

இந்திய ஒன்றிய நிர்வாகம் - குடியரசுத் தலைவர், துணை குடியரசுத் தலைவர், பிரதமர் பற்றிய விளக்கம்

கற்றல் உள்ளடக்கம்

🏛️ குடியரசுத் தலைவர் - President of India 

Part V | Articles 52-78 | Head of State

📜 Union Executive Structure - SVG
🏛️ Union Executive - Article 52-78 🏛️ 🇮🇳 PRESIDENT Art.52-62 | Head of State Nominal Executive Vice President Art.63-71 | RS Chairman Ex-Officio Prime Minister ⭐ Art.74-75 | Real Executive Head of Government Council of Ministers Art.74-75 Aid & Advise President Attorney General Art.76 | Legal Advisor 🎯 President = Nominal | PM = Real Executive | Westminster Model
📋 President - Basic Info SVG
🇮🇳 President of India - Complete Info 🇮🇳 📋 Qualifications (Art.58) ✓ Indian Citizen ✓ Age: 35 years completed ✓ Qualified for LS Member ✗ No Office of Profit ✗ Not MP/MLA (Vacate) ✓ 50 Proposers + 50 Seconders 🗳️ Election (Art.54-55) Electoral College: ✓ Elected MPs (LS + RS) ✓ Elected MLAs (States + UTs) ✗ Nominated MPs/MLAs ❌ Method: Single Transferable Vote Proportional Representation 📅 Term & Salary Term: 5 Years Re-election: Unlimited Salary: ₹5 Lakh/month Pension: ₹1.5 Lakh/month Residence: Rashtrapati Bhavan Oath: Art.60 (by CJI) 🚫 Removal - Impeachment Ground: Violation of Constitution Process: Art.61 Either House can initiate 2/3 Majority of Total Members ⚡ President's Powers 1️⃣ Executive Powers - Art.53 2️⃣ Legislative Powers - Summon, Prorogue, Dissolve 3️⃣ Financial Powers - Budget, Money Bills 4️⃣ Judicial Powers - Pardon (Art.72) 5️⃣ Diplomatic Powers - Treaties 6️⃣ Military Powers - Commander-in-Chief 7️⃣ Emergency Powers - Art.352, 356, 360 🙏 Pardoning Powers (Art.72) - "CRRRP" Commutation - Change nature of punishment Remission - Reduce amount/period Respite - Temporary suspension Reprieve - Stay execution Pardon - Complete acquittal 📝 Veto Powers - 3 Types 1️⃣ Absolute Veto - Withhold assent 2️⃣ Suspensive Veto - Return for reconsideration 3️⃣ Pocket Veto - No time limit (Indian special) Note: No Veto on Money Bills & Constitutional Amendments
📊 First 5 Presidents of India
# Name Term Special
1 Dr. Rajendra Prasad 1950-1962 Only 2 Terms, Longest serving
2 Dr. S. Radhakrishnan 1962-1967 Philosopher President
3 Dr. Zakir Hussain 1967-1969 First Muslim, Died in Office
4 V.V. Giri 1969-1974 Only Acting → Elected
5 Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1974-1977 Signed Emergency, Died in Office

🏛️ துணை குடியரசுத் தலைவர் & பிரதமர் 

📋 Vice President - SVG Overview
🏛️ Vice President of India - Art.63-71 🏛️ Vice President = Ex-Officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha Second Highest Constitutional Post 📋 Qualifications (Art.66) ✓ Indian Citizen ✓ Age: 35 years ✓ Qualified for RS Member ✗ No Office of Profit 🗳️ Election (Art.66) Electoral College: ✓ Elected + Nominated MPs ✓ Both LS + RS Members ✗ No MLAs (Unlike President) 📅 Term & Removal Term: 5 Years Salary: ₹4 Lakh/month (as RS Chair) Removal: RS passes resolution Effective Majority (No Impeachment) 📊 President vs Vice President - Key Differences President: MLAs vote ✓ | Nominated MPs ✗ | Impeachment VP: MLAs vote ✗ | Nominated MPs ✓ | Simple Resolution VP Acting as President: Max 6 months | Gets President's Salary & Powers
⭐ Prime Minister - Real Executive - SVG
⭐ Prime Minister - Art.74-75 | Real Executive ⭐ PRIME MINISTER Head of Government | Head of Council of Ministers | Head of Cabinet 📋 Appointment (Art.75) ✓ Appointed by President ✓ Leader of Majority Party in LS ✓ No specific qualification ✓ Must be MP (LS or RS) (If not, must become within 6 months) ⚡ Powers & Functions ✓ Head of Council of Ministers ✓ Allocates Portfolios ✓ Chairman of NITI Aayog ✓ Link between President & Cabinet ✓ Can recommend dissolution of LS 🚫 Removal/Resignation ✗ No fixed term ✓ Holds office during pleasure ✓ Must have LS Majority ✓ No-Confidence Motion If PM resigns = Entire Ministry resigns 📊 Council of Ministers - 3 Categories (Art.74-75) 1️⃣ Cabinet Ministers Highest Rank Attend Cabinet Meetings Policy Decisions 2️⃣ Ministers of State Second Rank Independent Charge or Attached to Cabinet Minister 3️⃣ Deputy Ministers Lowest Rank Assist Cabinet/State Ministers
📊 91st Amendment - Anti-Defection
Provision Details
Council of Ministers Size Max 15% of total LS strength
Total LS Strength 545 (Now 543)
Max Ministers 545 × 15% = ~82 Ministers
Amendment Year 2003

📊 President vs Vice President vs Prime Minister - Complete Comparison 

📊 Main Comparison Table
Aspect President Vice President Prime Minister
Article 52-62 63-71 74-75
Position Head of State 2nd Highest Post Head of Government
Executive Type Nominal/Titular Ex-Officio RS Chair Real Executive
Age 35 years 35 years 25 years (LS)
Electoral College Elected MPs + MLAs All MPs (LS+RS) Appointed by President
Nominated MPs ❌ No ✅ Yes N/A
MLAs Vote ✅ Yes ❌ No N/A
Term 5 years 5 years No fixed term
Salary ₹5 Lakh/month ₹4 Lakh/month ₹2 Lakh/month
Removal Impeachment (Art.61) RS Resolution No-Confidence Motion
Oath by CJI President President
📊 Visual Comparison - SVG
📊 Union Executive - Visual Comparison 📊 🇮🇳 PRESIDENT 📌 Art.52-62 📌 Head of State 📌 Nominal Executive 📌 ₹5 Lakh/month 📌 MPs + MLAs vote 📌 Impeachment removal 📌 Oath by CJI 🏛️ VICE PRESIDENT 📌 Art.63-71 📌 RS Chairman 📌 Ex-Officio Post 📌 ₹4 Lakh/month 📌 Only MPs vote 📌 RS Resolution removal 📌 Oath by President ⭐ PRIME MINISTER 📌 Art.74-75 📌 Head of Government 📌 Real Executive 📌 ₹2 Lakh/month 📌 Appointed by President 📌 No-Confidence removal 📌 Oath by President ⚠️ Key Differences to Remember 1️⃣ Electoral College: President = MPs+MLAs | VP = Only MPs | PM = Appointed 2️⃣ Nominated MPs: President election ❌ | VP election ✅ 3️⃣ Removal: President = Impeachment (2/3) | VP = Resolution (Effective Majority) | PM = No-Confidence 4️⃣ Real Power: PM has actual executive power, President is titular head
📋 Attorney General - Art.76
Aspect Details
Appointment By President
Qualification Qualified to be Supreme Court Judge
Term No fixed term - Pleasure of President
Function Highest Law Officer of India
Right Speak in Parliament but No Vote
Private Practice Allowed
Salary Not fixed by Constitution

🎯 TNPSC Shortcuts - Union Executive! 

🧠 Master Memory Formula - SVG
🎯 Union Executive - Memory Tricks 🎯 🌟 SUPER FORMULA 🌟 "Part V | 52-78 | President-VP-PM-COM-AG" 🇮🇳 President Memory 📌 Art: 52-62 | Age: 35 📌 Salary: ₹5 Lakh | Term: 5 years 📌 Pardon: CRRRP (Art.72) 📌 Veto: 3 Types (Absolute, Suspensive, Pocket) 🏛️ VP Memory 📌 Art: 63-71 | Age: 35 📌 Salary: ₹4 Lakh (as RS Chair) 📌 Election: All MPs (No MLAs) 📌 Removal: RS Resolution ⭐ PM Memory 📌 Art: 74-75 | Real Executive 📌 Salary: ₹2 Lakh | No fixed term 📌 Removal: No-Confidence Motion 📌 91st Amd: 15% Ministers limit 🙏 Pardon "CRRRP" Commutation - Change nature Remission - Reduce period Respite - Temporary | Reprieve - Stay Pardon - Complete acquittal 🔢 Key Numbers Memory Age: 35-35-25 | Salary: 5-4-2 Lakh | Term: 5-5-No 🎯 FINAL: "V-52-78 | Pres(52-62) VP(63-71) PM(74-75) AG(76)" Nominal vs Real | Westminster Model | CRRRP Pardon
📝 TNPSC One-Liners
📌 Union Executive எந்த Part? Part V (Art.52-78)
📌 President Article? 52-62
📌 VP Article? 63-71
📌 PM Article? 74-75
📌 AG Article? 76
📌 President Salary? ₹5 Lakh/month
📌 Pardon Power? Art.72 - CRRRP
📌 VP Election - MLAs vote? ❌ No
📌 President Election - Nominated MPs? ❌ No
📌 First President? Dr. Rajendra Prasad
📌 Longest serving President? Dr. Rajendra Prasad (12 yrs)
📌 Council of Ministers Max? 15% of LS (91st Amd)
🔥 FAQ - அடிக்கடி கேட்கப்படும் கேள்விகள்
Q1: Real Executive யார்?
A: Prime Minister (Art.74-75)
Q2: President Election-ல் யார் vote செய்யலாம்?
A: Elected MPs + Elected MLAs (No Nominated)
Q3: VP Election-ல் யார் vote செய்யலாம்?
A: All MPs - Elected + Nominated (No MLAs)
Q4: President Removal எப்படி?
A: Impeachment - Art.61 - 2/3 Total Members
Q5: Pocket Veto எந்த நாட்டு சிறப்பு?
A: India (No time limit to return bills)
🎯 Quick Revision Chart
Topic Memory Key Point
Part V 52-78
President 52-62 Nominal Head
VP 63-71 RS Chairman
PM 74-75 Real Executive
AG 76 Law Officer
Pardon CRRRP Art.72
Age 35-35-25 Pres-VP-PM
Salary 5-4-2 Lakh/month
Ministers 15% 91st Amendment
First President Rajendra Prasad 1950-1962

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