Lokpal & Lokayukta
Lokpal and Lokayukta Act 2013, Structure, Powers, Functions
Learning Content
⚖️ Lokpal & Lokayukta - Lokpal & Lokayukta
Lok = People, Pal = Protector → People's Protector (Ombudsman)
📊 Lokpal Journey - SVG
📋 Key Facts - Lokpal Act 2013
| Act No | Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 (Act No. 1 of 2014) |
| Passed Date | December 18, 2013 |
| Effective Date | January 16, 2014 |
| First Lokpal | Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose (March 23, 2019) |
| Total Bills Before | 8 Bills lapsed (1968-2011) |
| Journey | 46 years (1968-2013) |
| Anna Hazare Movement | 2011 - Jantar Mantar Protest |
🌍 Ombudsman in Other Countries
| Country | Name | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Sweden | Ombudsman | 1809 (First) |
| Finland | Ombudsman | 1919 |
| Denmark | Ombudsman | 1955 |
| New Zealand | Ombudsman | 1962 |
| UK | Parliamentary Commissioner | 1967 |
| France | Mediator | 1973 |
| India | Lokpal (Centre), Lokayukta (State) | 2013 |
🏛️ Structure & Powers of Lokpal
Lokpal Structure, Composition, Powers & Jurisdiction
📊 Lokpal Structure - SVG
📋 Jurisdiction - Who is Covered?
| Category | Covered? | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister | ✅ Yes | Except: International relations, Security, Public order, Atomic energy, Space |
| Union Ministers | ✅ Yes | All Ministers |
| MPs | ✅ Yes | For corruption in official acts |
| Group A, B, C, D Officers | ✅ Yes | All Central Govt employees |
| Chairperson/Members of Boards | ✅ Yes | Bodies set up by Parliament |
| NGOs receiving foreign funding | ✅ Yes | Above Rs.10 lakh/year |
| Judiciary | ❌ No | Not under Lokpal |
⚡ Powers of Lokpal
| # | Power | Details |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Superintendence over CBI | For cases referred by Lokpal |
| 2 | Direction to CBI | Can give directions for investigation |
| 3 | Prosecution Sanction | Can grant sanction for prosecution |
| 4 | Attachment of Property | Can order provisional attachment |
| 5 | Powers of Inquiry | Powers of Civil Court |
| 6 | Suo Motu Inquiry | Can initiate inquiry on its own |
🏛️ Lokayukta - Lokayukta (State Ombudsman)
State level anti-corruption system
📊 Lokayukta - State Level SVG
📋 Lokpal vs Lokayukta - Comparison
| Aspect | Lokpal (Centre) | Lokayukta (State) |
|---|---|---|
| Level | Central Govt | State Govt |
| Jurisdiction | PM, Ministers, MPs, Central Officers | CM, Ministers, MLAs, State Officers |
| Act | Lokpal Act 2013 | Different State Acts |
| First Established | 2019 (Justice Ghose) | Maharashtra 1971 |
| Composition | Chairperson + 8 Members | Varies by state |
| Selection | Selection Committee (PM headed) | State specific |
| Mandatory | Yes (Center) | Mandatory under 2013 Act |
📋 States with Lokayukta - Timeline
| State | Year | State | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maharashtra | 1971 (First) | Bihar | 1974 |
| Rajasthan | 1973 | UP | 1975 |
| Karnataka | 1984 | M.P | 1981 |
| Kerala | 1999 | Gujarat | 1986 |
| Tamil Nadu | Not yet | Delhi | 1995 |
🧠 Lokpal - Memory Tricks & Shortcuts
Easy to remember for TNPSC Exam
📊 Memory Formula - SVG
🔢 Quick Memory Formulas
| 2013 + 6 = 2019 | Act 2013 + 6 years gap = First Lokpal 2019 |
| GHOSE | Justice P.C. GHOSE = First Lokpal |
| 1 + 8 = 9 | Chairperson + 8 Members = 9 Total |
| P-S-L-C-J | PM, Speaker, LoP, CJI, Jurist = Selection Committee |
| 5-70 | 5 years tenure OR 70 years age |
| SWEDEN 1809 | First Ombudsman in the World |
| MAHA 1971 | Maharashtra = First Lokayukta |
| FSAS | Foreign, Security, Atomic, Space = PM exceptions |
📋 TNPSC Expected Questions
| # | Question Type | Quick Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lokpal Act year? | 2013 |
| 2 | First Lokpal of India? | Justice P.C. Ghose (2019) |
| 3 | Lokpal composition? | Chairperson + 8 Members (50% Judicial) |
| 4 | Selection committee head? | Prime Minister |
| 5 | Lokpal tenure? | 5 years or 70 years |
| 6 | First Lokayukta state? | Maharashtra (1971) |
| 7 | First Ombudsman country? | Sweden (1809) |
| 8 | Is PM covered under Lokpal? | Yes (with conditions) |
| 9 | First Lokpal bill year? | 1968 |
| 10 | Lokpal = ? | People's Protector |
| 11 | Which committee first recommended? | 1st ARC (1966) |
| 12 | Most effective Lokayukta state? | Karnataka |
🎯 One-Liner Summary
| Lokpal = Lok (People) + Pal (Protector) = People's Protector | |
| Act | 2013 (Effective Jan 16, 2014) |
| First Lokpal | Justice P.C. Ghose (March 2019) |
| Journey | 46 years (1968-2013), 8 Bills lapsed |
| First Lokayukta | Maharashtra 1971 |
| First in the World | Sweden 1809 |
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