Rule of Law - TNPSC Tutorial

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⚖️ Rule of Law - Rule of Law

All are equally subject to the law - no one is above the law

📊 Rule of Law - Basic Concept SVG

📋 A.V. Dicey's 3 Principles - Detailed

#	Principle	Meaning	Tamil
1	Supremacy of Law	No arbitrary power; Punishment only for breach of law proved in court	Rule of law
2	Equality before Law	All persons are equal; Same law for all; No special courts	Equality before law
3	Predominance of Legal Spirit	Constitution is outcome of rights of individuals as defined by courts	Supremacy of legal sense

📜 Rule of Law in Indian Constitution

Article	Provision	Connection to Rule of Law
Art. 13	Laws inconsistent with FR void	Supremacy of Constitution
Art.14	Equality before Law	Dicey's 2nd Principle
Art. 21	Right to Life & Liberty	Due process protection
Art. 22	Protection against arrest	Safeguard against arbitrary action
Art. 32	Right to Constitutional Remedies	Access to Courts
Art. 226	HC Writ Jurisdiction	Judicial Review

⚠️ Rule of Law - Exceptions & Criticisms

Exceptions to the rule of law in India

📊 Exceptions to Rule of Law - SVG

📋 Exceptions in India - Detailed Table

Category	Article/Act	Type of Immunity
President & Governor	Art.361	Complete immunity during term - Criminal & Civil
MPs & MLAs	Art.105, 194	Parliamentary Privileges - Speech immunity
Judges	Judicial Conduct	Cannot be sued for judicial acts
Foreign Diplomats	Vienna Convention	Diplomatic Immunity - Cannot be arrested
Armed Forces	AFSPA, Army Act	Special protection in disturbed areas
Public Servants	Sec.197 CrPC	Prior sanction needed for prosecution

⚖️ Landmark Cases on Rule of Law

Case	Year	Ruling
ADM Jabalpur v. Shivkant Shukla	1976	Rule of Law suspended during Emergency (Later overruled)
Maneka Gandhi v. UOI	1978	Due Process is part of Rule of Law - Art.21 expanded
Kesavananda Bharati	1973	Rule of Law is part of Basic Structure
Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain	1975	Rule of Law cannot be abrogated even during Emergency
Chief Justice of AP v. L.V.A. Dixitulu	1979	Rule of Law means law must rule

📊 Rule of Law vs Rule by Law

Both are different - one is justice, the other is power

📊 Rule of Law vs Rule by Law - SVG

📊 Comparison Table

Aspect	Rule OF Law ✅	Rule BY Law ❌
Nature	Law controls the government	Government controls through law
Purpose	Protect citizens	Control citizens
Laws Must Be	Just, Fair, Reasonable	Any law - just or unjust
Equality	Equal for all	Different for different people
Judiciary	Independent	Controlled by State
Human Rights	Protected	Violated
Democracy	Essential feature	Not necessary
Accountability	Government accountable	No accountability

📋 Natural Law vs Positive Law

Aspect	Natural Law	Positive Law
Source	Nature, Reason, Morality	State, Legislature
Basis	Universal principles of justice	Enacted by authority
Validity	Inherent - exists always	Valid only when enacted
Character	Unwritten, universal	Written, particular to country
Example	Right to Life, Liberty	Indian Penal Code, CrPC

🌍 Rule of Law - Global Concepts

Country	Concept	Meaning
UK	Rule of Law (Dicey)	Supremacy of Law, Equality, Legal Spirit
USA	Due Process of Law	5th & 14th Amendment protection
France	Droit Administratif	Separate Administrative Courts
Germany	Rechtsstaat	Constitutional State
India	Rule of Law + DPSP	Constitutional morality with social justice

🧠 Rule of Law - Memory Tricks & Shortcuts

Easy to remember for TNPSC Exam

📊 Memory Formula - SVG

🔢 Quick Memory Formulas

S.E.P	Supremacy, Equality, Predominance - Dicey's 3 Principles
DICEY = 1885	Remember: 18+85 = 103 (Important exam year!)
PGMDF	President, Governor, MPs, Diplomats, Forces = Exceptions
Art.14 = E	14th Article = Equality = Dicey's "E"
OF vs BY	Rule OF Law = Good ✅ \| Rule BY Law = Bad ❌
Basic Structure	Rule of Law is Basic Structure (Kesavananda 1973)

📋 TNPSC Expected Questions

#	Question Type	Quick Answer
1	Who Propounded Rule of Law?	A.V. Dicey
2	Which book introduced Rule of Law?	Introduction to Study of Law of Constitution (1885)
3	How many principles of Dicey?	3 (SEP)
4	Which Article embodies Dicey's 2nd principle?	Art.14
5	Which Article provides immunity to President?	Art.361
6	Is Rule of Law part of Basic Structure?	Yes (Kesavananda 1973)
7	Which case expanded Art.21 with Due Process?	Maneka Gandhi 1978
8	France's administrative law concept?	Droit Administratif
9	Germany's Rule of Law concept?	Rechtsstaat
10	What is "Rule by Law"?	State uses law as tool to control citizens

🎯 One-Liner Summary

"No one is above the Law" - Core of Rule of Law
Father	A.V. Dicey (1885)
3 Principles	SEP - Supremacy, Equality, Predominance
Indian Article	Art.14 (Equality) = Dicey's 2nd Principle
Exception Article	Art.361 (President & Governor immunity)
Basic Structure	Yes - Cannot be amended away

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