State Legislature and Local Bodies

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🏛️ State Legislature (Part VI, Art.168-212)

Part VI of the Constitution of India defines the State Legislature.

📊 State Legislature Structure - SVG

📋 Vidhan Sabha (LA) - Art.170

Maximum Members	500
Minimum Members	60
Election	Direct Election by People
Term	5 years (dissolve possible)
Age Eligibility	25 years
Speaker	Presiding Officer (Art.178)
Largest LA	UP (403 members)
Smallest LA	Goa (40), Sikkim (32), Mizoram (40)

📋 Vidhan Parishad (LC) - Art.171

Maximum Members	1/3 of LA Members
Minimum Members	40
Term	6 years (Permanent - 1/3 retire every 2 yrs)
Age Eligibility	30 years
Chairman	Presiding Officer (Art.182)
Create/Abolish	Art.169 - Parliament by Special Majority

LC Election Pattern (Art.171):

1/3 by LA Members	~33.3%
1/3 by Local Bodies (Municipalities, Panchayats)	~33.3%
1/12 by Teachers (3 yrs experience)	~8.3%
1/12 by Graduates (3 yrs standing)	~8.3%
1/6 nominated by Governor (Art, Science, Literature, Social Service)	~16.6%

🏘️ Local Government Organizations - Local Self Government

73rd Amendment (1992) - Panchayat | 74th Amendment (1992) - Municipality

📊 Local Bodies Structure - SVG

🌾 73rd Amendment - Panchayati Raj (Part IX)

Feature	Details
Articles	243 to 243O (15 Articles)
Schedule Added	11th Schedule (29 Subjects)
Effective Date	April 24, 1993
3-Tier System	Gram Panchayat → Panchayat Samiti → Zilla Parishad
Term	5 years
Women Reservation	1/3 (33%) - Art.243D
SC/ST Reservation	Proportional to Population - Art.243D
State Finance Commission	Art.243I (Every 5 years)
State Election Commission	Art.243K
Not Applicable	Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram, J&K (was), 5th Schedule Areas

🏙️ 74th Amendment - Municipalities (Part IX-A)

Feature	Details
Articles	243P to 243ZG (18 Articles)
Schedule Added	12th Schedule (18 Subjects)
Effective Date	June 1, 1993
3 Types	Nagar Panchayat → Municipality → Municipal Corporation
Term	5 years
Women Reservation	1/3 (33%) - Art.243T
Ward Committee	Art.243S (Mandatory for 3 Lakh+)
District Planning Committee	Art. 243ZD
Metropolitan Planning Committee	Art.243ZE (10 Lakh+ population)

📊 Comparison Tables - Comparison Tables

📋 LA vs LC Comparison

Feature	Vidhan Sabha (LA)	Vidhan Parishad (LC)
Article	170	171
Maximum Members	500	1/3 of LA
Minimum Members	60	40
Term	5 years	6 years (Permanent)
Age	25 years	30 years
Election	Direct	Indirect
Dissolution	Yes (by Governor)	No (Permanent)
Presiding Officer	Speaker (Art.178)	Chairman (Art.182)
Money Bill	✅ Origin Only	❌ 14 days recommended
All States	✅ Mandatory	❌ Optional (6 States)

📋 73rd vs 74th Amendment Comparison

Feature	73rd Amendment	74th Amendment
Year	1992	1992
Effective Date	April 24, 1993	June 1, 1993
Part Added	Part IX	Part IX-A
Articles	243 to 243O (15)	243P to 243ZG (18)
Schedule Added	11th (29 Subjects)	12th (18 Subjects)
Area	Rural	Urban
Structure	3-Tier (Gram, Block, District)	3 Types (NP, M, MC)
Foundation Body	Gram Sabha (Art.243A)	Ward Committee (Art.243S)
Women Reservation	1/3 (33%) - Art.243D	1/3 (33%) - Art.243T
Term	5 years	5 years
Finance Commission	Art.243I	Art.243Y
Election Commission	Art.243K	Art.243ZA

📋 Parliament vs State Legislature Comparison

Feature	Parliament	State Legislature
Part	Part V	Part VI
Articles	79-122	168-212
Upper House	Rajya Sabha (250)	Vidhan Parishad (Optional)
Lower House	Lok Sabha (552)	Vidhan Sabha (500 max)
Presiding - Lower	Speaker	Speaker
Presiding - Upper	VP (Ex-officio)	Chairman (Elected)
Money Bill	LS Only	LA Only
Joint Sitting	Yes (Art.108)	No Joint Sitting
Prorogation	President	Governor

📋 3-Tier Panchayat Structure Details

Level	Body	Head	Area
Top	Zilla Parishad	Adhyaksha/Chairman	District Level
Middle	Panchayat Samiti	Chairman	Block/Taluk Level
Bottom	Gram Panchayat	Sarpanch/President	Village Level

📋 11th vs 12th Schedule Subjects

11th Schedule (29 Subjects) - Panchayats

Agriculture
Land improvement
Minor irrigation
Animal husbandry
Fisheries
Social forestry
Minor forest produce
Small scale industries
Khadi & village industries
Rural housing
Drinking water
Fuel and fodder
Roads, culverts, bridges
Rural electrification
Non-conventional energy

12th Schedule (18 Subjects) - Municipalities

Urban planning
Land use regulation
Building construction
Roads and bridges
Water supply
Public health
Fire services
Urban forestry
Environment protection
Urban poverty alleviation
Slum improvement
Public amenities
Burials, cremations
Cattle pounds
Vital statistics

🎯 TNPSC Shortcuts - State Legislature & Local Bodies!

🧠 Master Memory Formula - SVG

📝 TNPSC One-Liners

📌 73rd Amendment added which part?	Part IX (Art.243-243O)
📌 74th Amendment added which part?	Part IX-A (Art.243P-243ZG)
📌 11th Schedule Subjects?	29 (Panchayats)
📌 12th Schedule Subjects?	18 (Municipalities)
📌 Women Reservation?	1/3 (33%)
📌 Local Bodies Term?	5 years
📌 Gram Sabha Article?	Art.243A
📌 Ward Committee mandatory?	3 Lakh+ Population (Art.243S)
📌 State Finance Commission?	Art.243I (Panchayat), Art.243Y (Municipality)
📌 LC Create/Abolish Article?	Art.169 (Parliament Special Majority)
📌 Largest LA?	UP (403 members)
📌 LC States?	6 - BUMKAT

🔥 FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions

Q1:When did the 73rd Amendment come into effect?
A: April 24, 1993 (Panchayat Day)

Q2:Who presides over the Gram Sabha?
A: Sarpanch (Gram Panchayat President)

Q3:Who can create/delete LC?
A: Parliament by Special Majority (Art.169)

Q4:73rd Amendment does not apply to which States?
A: Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram, 5th Schedule Areas

Q5:Where is the Metropolitan Planning Committee?
A: 10 Lakh+ Population Areas (Art.243ZE)

🎯 Quick Revision Chart

Topic	73rd Amendment	74th Amendment
Year	1992	1992
Part	IX	IX-A
Schedule	11th (29)	12th (18)
Area	Rural	Urban
Levels	3-Tier	3-Types
Base Body	Gram Sabha	Ward Committee
Women	33%	33%
Term	5 years	5 years

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