Political Parties and Governance Systems of Tamil Nadu and India
Comprehensive information about major political parties, leaders, governance systems, electoral system and constitution of Tamil Nadu and India
Learning Content
Political Parties & Systems of Government - Introduction
India is aA multi-party democracy. There are many types of political parties like national parties, state parties, registered parties. The Election Commission of India recognizes political parties.
๐ Indian Political System
๐ Party Types & Eligibility
| Type | Tamil name | Eligibility | Symbol | Number (2024) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Party | National Party | 6% vote in 4+ states or 11 MP | Single Symbol (All State) | 6 parties |
| State party | State Party | 6% vote + 2 MLAs in the state | State emblem | 57 parties |
| Party of record | Registered Party | Registration with ECI | No free icon | 2800+ parties |
๐๏ธ Governance systems
| condition | Legal system | Executive Chairman | Constitutional President | Tenure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central Govt | Parliament (Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha) | Prime Minister (PM) | President of the Republic | 5 years |
| State Govt | Legislative Assembly (Vidan Sabha) | Chief Minister (CM) | Governor | 5 years |
| District | District Panchayat | District Collector | Chairman | 5 years |
| Panchayat | Gram Sabha | Panchayat Chairman | - | 5 years |
๐ฏ Important political posts
๐๏ธ President of the Republic
- • First citizen of India
- • Commander-in-Chief of the Army
- • Tenure of 5 years
- • Present: Draupadi Murmu
๐จ๐ผ Prime Minister
- • Head of Central Administration
- • Elected by the people
- • Chairman of the Council of Ministers
- • Present: Narendra Modi
๐ข Governor
- • Constitutional Head of State
- • Appointment by the President
- • Governor of TN: R.N. Ravi
- • State Administration Oversight
๐จโ๏ธ Chief Minister
- • Head of State Administration
- • Legislative majority party
- • TN CM: M.K. Stalin
- • Chairman of the Council of Ministers
โก Shortcuts - to remember
National Parties (6 - 2024)
- PaJaga (BJP)
- GaUnited Kingdom (INC)
- GaCommunist (CPI, CPM)
- bAAP
- NNCP
- BBSP
Order of governance
- KuHead of State
- BRatham
- bGovernor
- MPrime Minister
- MaDistrict Collector
- FRashi is the leader
Election Commission (ECI)
- • Chief Election Commissioner
- • 2 Election Commissioners
- • 324 of the Constitution Act
- • Party recognition
๐ก Important points for exam
- โ National Party Eligibility- 6% vote in 4+ states or 11 MP
- โ State Party Eligibility- 6% vote + 2 MLAs in the state
- โ Election Commission- Act 324, 1950 Commencement 25th January
- โ President of the Republic- 5 years post, Army Chief
- โ Prime Minister- Executive Chairman, elected by the people
- โ Governor- Appointment by the President
- โ Chief Minister- Legislative majority party leader
National Political Parties - India
Currently in India6 National PartiesThere are National party status is achieved by winning 6% of the votes in 4 or more states or 11 MPs.
๐ National Parties (6 - 2024)
๐ National Parties - Detailed information
| Party | Inaugural year | Symbol | Chairman | 2024 MP | principle |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BJP | 1980 | Lotus flower | JP planted | 240 | Nationalism, Hindutva |
| INC (Congress) | 1885 | hand | Mallikarjun Karke | 99 | Secularism, Socialism |
| AAP | 2012 | broom | Arvind Kejriwal | 3 | Anti-corruption |
| BSP | 1984 | Elephant | Mayavati | 0 | Dalit Politics, Social Justice |
| CPI | 1925 | Sickle & Wheat | D. the king | 2 | Marxism, Communism |
| CPM | 1964 | Hammer & sickle | Sitaram Echury | 4 | Marxist Leninism |
๐ฏ Alliance Details - 2024
๐ถ NDA alliance
- • Leadership: BJP
- • 2024 MP: 293
- • In rule: among
- • PM: Narendra Modi
๐ท INDIA alliance
- • HEAD: INC
- • 2024 MP: 234
- • Opposition: Rahul Gandhi
- • DMK - Tamil Nadu
๐ Oldest party
- • INC – 1885
- • 139 years
- • Founder: A.O. Hume
- • First meeting: Mumbai
๐ New National Party
- • AAP - 2012
- • 2024 national status
- • Government: Delhi, Punjab
- • Anti-Corruption Movement
โก Shortcuts - to remember
Early years of the party
- 1885- INC (Congress)
- 1925- CPI (Communist)
- 1964- CPM (Marxist)
- 1980- BJP
- 1984- BSP
- 2012- AAP (Aam Aadmi Party)
Party symbols
- ThaMarai - BJP
- hand- INC
- ThTaipam - AAP
- YaNai - BSP
- ARival - CPI
- SuThiel - CPM
2024 election results
- • BJP – 240 MP (Maximum)
- • INC - 99 MP
- • SP – 37 MP
- • DMK - 22 MP
๐ก Important points for exam
- โ BJP- 1980, Tamarai, currently ruling, 240 MP (2024)
- โ INC- 1885, Guy, oldest party, 99 MP
- โ AAP- 2012, Broom, New National Party (2024)
- โ BSP- 1984, Elephant, Dalit politics, founder Kanjiram
- โ CPI- 1925, The Sickle & the Wheat, Marxism
- โ CPM- 1964, Hammer & Sickle, Government of Kerala
- โ NDA vs INDIA- 293 vs 234 MP (2024 election)
Tamil Nadu Political Parties - State Parties
In Tamil Nadu politicsDravidian partiesplay an important role. Parties like DMK, AIADMK, PMK, MDMK, VCK decide the state politics.
๐ Major Political Parties of Tamil Nadu
๐ Tamil Nadu Parties - Detailed Information
| Party | Inaugural year | Founder | Symbol | Chairman | 2024 Alliance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMK | 1949 | C.N. Annathurai | sunrise | MK Stalin | INDIA |
| AIADMK (AIADMK) | 1972 | MG Ramachandran | Two leaves | Edappadi K. Palaniswami | A separate competition |
| PMK | 1989 | S. Ramadoss | Mango | Anbumani Ramadoss | NDA |
| MDMK (MDMK) | 1994 | Waco | Chariot | Waco | INDIA (DMK) |
| VCK (Vic) | 2006 | Thirumavalavan | cottage | Thirumavalavan | INDIA (DMK) |
| NTK (We are Tamils) | 2009 | Seaman | Clinchal | Seaman | A separate competition |
| TMC (Thamaga) | 2010 | G.K. Vasan | Bullock cart | G.K. Vasan | INDIA (DMK) |
| AMMK | 2018 | DTV Dinakaran | turban | DTV Dinakaran | A separate competition |
๐ฏ Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu
๐จ๐ผ M.K. Stalin (Present)
- • Party: DMK
- • Position: 2021 – Present
- • Father: M. Karunanidhi
- • Mayor of Chennai (1996-2002)
๐ M. Karunanidhi (5 times)
- • Party: DMK
- • CM: 5 Times (Maximum)
- • Artist degree
- • Writer, film narrator
๐ J. Jayalalitha (6 times)
- • Party: AIADMK
- • CM: 6 times
- • Mother degree
- • Actress, Politician
๐ฌ M.G. Ramachandran
- • Party: AIADMK (Founder)
- • CM: 1977-1987
- • Revolutionary leader
- • Film actor
โก Shortcuts - to remember
Dravidian parties started
- 1949- DMK (Brother)
- 1972- AIADMK (MGR)
- 1989- PMK (Ramadoss)
- 1994- MDMK (Vaiko)
- 2006- VCK (Druma)
- 2009- NTK (Seaman)
Party Symbols – TN
- SueRian - DMK
- leafs - AIADMK
- MaFruit – PMK
- Chariot- MDMK
- drinkCy - VCK
- ParrotMail - NTK
2024 Alliance (TN)
- INDIA: DMK, MDMK, VCK, TMC, CPI, CPM
- NDA: BJP, PMK
- separate: AIADMK, NTK, AMMK
๐ก Important points for exam
- โ DMK- 1949, Udayasuriyan, Founder: Anna, currently ruling
- โ AIADMK- 1972, two leaves, founder: MGR
- โ PMK- 1989, Mango, Vanniyar Community, NDA Alliance
- โ M. Karunanidhi- 5 times CM, artist title
- โ J. Jayalalithaa- 6 times CM, Amma degree
- โ MK Stalin- Current CM, 2021 onwards
- โ 2024 INDIA Alliance- DMK leadership, 22 MP
Systems of Government & Constitution of India
India is aFederal Republic(Federal Republic). The governance takes place at three levels namely the central government, state governments and local bodies. The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950.
๐๏ธ Indian system of governance
๐ Major Constitutional Laws
| Law section | Tamil name | English name | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rule 14-35 | Fundamental rights | Fundamental Rights | Equality, freedom, anti-exploitation |
| Act 36-51 | Guidelines | Directive Principles | Government policy guidance |
| Act 51A | Basic duties | Fundamental Duties | 11 Duties (42nd Amendment) |
| Act 352 | National emergency | National Emergency | War, external aggression |
| Act 356 | President's Rule | President Rule | State Government Dysfunction |
| Act 360 | Financial emergency | Financial Emergency | Financial crisis |
| Act 370 | Kashmir Special Status | Special Status (J&K) | Deleted on 5 August 2019 |
| Act 324 | Election Commission | Election Commission | Power to conduct elections |
๐ฏ Current Political Positions (2024)
๐ฎ๐ณ Central Govt
- • President: Draupadi Murmu
- • Vice President: Jagdeep Dhankar
- • Prime Minister: Narendra Modi
- • Lok Sabha Speaker: Om Birla
โ๏ธ Judiciary
- • Chief Justice: T.Y. Chandrachud
- • Supreme Court: 34 Judges
- • High Courts: 25
- • Madras HC Chief: K.R. Sriram
๐๏ธ Government of Tamil Nadu
- • Governor: R.N. Ravi
- • Chief Minister: M.K. Stalin
- • Speaker: M. Dad
- • Legislative Constituencies: 234
๐ณ๏ธ Election Commission
- • Chief Election Commissioner: Rajeev Kumar
- • Incorporated: 1950 January 25
- • Headquarters: New Delhi
- • 2024 Election Vote: 64+%
โก Shortcuts - to remember
Constitution Important Dates
- 1946- Beginning of drafting committee
- 1949- November 26 (Accept)
- 1950- January 26 (Effective)
Three components
- ChParliament – โโEnactment of laws
- NImplementation – Implementation
- youDithura - Explanation
Constitution nos
- 448- Clauses
- 12- Tables
- 25- Accessories
- 105- Amendments (2024)
๐ก Important points for exam
- โ Constitution- 1950 January 26, Ambedkar father
- โ 448 Acts, 12 Schedules, 25 Parts
- โ Lok Sabha- 543 MP, 5 year term
- โ Rajya Sabha- 245 MP, 6 year term
- โ 73 & 74 Amendment- Local Government Bodies (1992)
- โ Act 356- President's rule
- โ Act 370- Deleted 5th August 2019
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