Forests and Wildlife
Comprehensive explanation of Indian forests, forest types, wildlife, national parks and tiger reserves. Important for TNPSC exams.
Learning Content
🌲 Forest Types of India - SVG Map!
🗺️ Indian forests map
📊 Comparison of forest types
| Forest type | Rainfall (cm) | area | Trees | Special |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tropical evergreen | >200 cm | Western Ghats, Northeast | Teak, Mahogany, Rosewood | Green throughout the year |
| Tropical autumn | 100-200 cm | MP, Jharkhand, Odisha | Sal, teak, sandalwood | Leaves fall in summer |
| Thorn forests | <50 cm | Rajasthan, Gujarat | Babul, care, fake | Arid region |
| Mountain forests | varies | Himalayas, Nilgiris | Pine, cedar, oak | Cold climate |
| Swamp forests | Seaside | Sundarban, Pichavaram | Sundal, Mangrove | Mangrove forests |
📈 Indian Forest Statistics
| Detail | Information |
|---|---|
| Total forest area | 7,13,789 sq. km(21.71%) |
| A forested state | Madhya Pradesh |
| State with highest forest % | Mizoram(84.53%) |
| Forest less state | Haryana |
| National Forest Policy Goal | 33% |
🦁 National Parks & Sanctuaries - SVG Map!
🗺️ Major National Parks Map
📊 Major National Parks
| National park | State | special creature | Special |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jim Corbett | Uttarakhand | Tiger 🐅 | First National Park (1936) |
| Kaziranga | Assam | The one-horned rhinoceros 🦏 | UNESCO heritage |
| Gir forest | Gujarat | Asiatic lion 🦁 | The only place in the world |
| Sunderban | West Bengal | Royal Bengal tiger 🐅 | Mangrove forest |
| Ranthambore | Rajasthan | Tiger 🐅 | Famous Tiger Reserve |
| Kanha | Madhya Pradesh | Tiger, Parasinga | Jungle Book jungle |
| Periyar | Kerala | Elephant 🐘 | Elephant Sanctuary |
| Mudumalai | Tamil Nadu | Elephant, tiger | Nilgiri Biosphere |
🌍 UNESCO World Heritage Sites (Natural)
| site | State | year |
|---|---|---|
| Kaziranga | Assam | 1985 |
| Manas | Assam | 1985 |
| Keoladio Ghana | Rajasthan | 1985 |
| Sunderban | West Bengal | 1987 |
| Nanda Devi & Valley of Flowers | Uttarakhand | 1988, 2005 |
| Western Ghats | 6 states | 2012 |
| Great Himalayan | HP | 2014 |
🐅 Tiger Reserve & Wildlife!
🐅 Project Tiger
📊 Top 9 Tigers Archives (1973)
| # | archive | State |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jim Corbett | Uttarakhand |
| 2 | Manas | Assam |
| 3 | Ranthambore | Rajasthan |
| 4 | Palamau | Jharkhand |
| 5 | Simlibal | Odisha |
| 6 | Kanha | Madhya Pradesh |
| 7 | Melkot | Maharashtra |
| 8 | Bandipur | Karnataka |
| 9 | Sunderban | West Bengal |
🦁🐘 Other major projects
| project | year | creature | Important place |
|---|---|---|---|
| Project Elephant | 1992 | Elephant 🐘 | 32 elephant sanctuaries |
| Project Lion | 2019 | Asiatic lion 🦁 | Gir forest, Gujarat |
| Project Crocodile | 1975 | Crocodile 🐊 | Many states |
| Project Hangul | 1970 | Cashmere Deer | Kashmir |
| Project Snow Leopard | 2009 | snow leopard | The Himalayas |
| Indian Rhino Vision | 2005 | Rhinoceros 🦏 | Assam |
🌍 Biosphere Reserves
| biosphere | State | Special |
|---|---|---|
| Nilgiris | TN, Kerala, Karnataka | The First Biosphere (1986) |
| Sunderban | West Bengal | Mangrove forest |
| Nanda Devi | Uttarakhand | Himalayan biosphere |
| Gulf of Mannar | Tamil Nadu | Marine biosphere |
| Great Nicobar | Andaman | Island biosphere |
Total Biospheres:18 |UNESCO Recognition:12
⚡ Forests & Wildlife - TNPSC Shortcuts!
🧠 Shortcut Tricks - Forests
| Shortcut | Memoir |
|---|---|
| Forest is more of a state | MP = Most Plants Madhya Pradesh – 1st in area |
| Forest % is high | Mizo = 84% Mizoram - 84.53% |
| First National Park | JC 1936 Jim Corbett (Uttarakhand) - 1936 Formerly Hailey National Park |
| Project Tiger | PT = 1973 Indira Gandhi started Top 9 archives |
🧠 Shortcut - National Parks & Wildlife
| Shortcut | Memoir |
|---|---|
| Gir = lion | GIR = Lion GIRjana Asiatic lion is the only place in the world Gujarat |
| Kaziranga = Rhinoceros | KAZI = One Horn Rhino The one-horned rhinoceros Assam - UNESCO |
| Sunderban = Royal Bengal | Sundar Tiger Royal Bengal tiger Mangrove forest |
| Kanha = Jungle Book | Kanha = Mowgli Rudyard Kipling's Jungle Book MP - Parasinga Deer |
🏆 Key projects years
| project | year | Shortcut |
|---|---|---|
| Project Hangul | 1970 | H = 70 |
| Project Tiger | 1973 | PT 73 |
| Project Crocodile | 1975 | C = 75 |
| Project Elephant | 1992 | PE 92 |
| Project Snow Leopard | 2009 | SL = 09 |
| Project Lion | 2019 | PL 19 |
🇮🇳 National symbols
| Symbol | Name |
|---|---|
| National animal | tiger(Royal Bengal Tiger) 🐅 |
| National bird | Peacock(Indian Peacock) 🦚 |
| National tree | banyan tree(Banyan Tree) 🌳 |
| National flower | Lotus(Lotus) 🪷 |
| National fruit | Mango(Mango) 🥭 |
| National Aquatic Organism | Ganges Dolphin🐬 |
| National heritage animal | Elephant🐘 |
📝 TNPSC Main Questions
Q1: Which is India's first national park?
A: Jim Corbett (1936) - Uttarakhand
Q2: Where is the Asiatic lion found?
A: Gir forest, Gujarat
Q3: In which year was Project Tiger launched?
A: 1973 (April 1)
Q4: Which state in India has the most tigers?
A: Madhya Pradesh (Tiger State of India)
Q5: In which national park is the one-horned rhinoceros?
A: Kaziranga, Assam
Q6: Which is India's first biosphere?
A: Nilgiri Biosphere (1986)
Q7: Jungle Book story is based on which national park?
A: Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh
Q8: What are the major tiger reserves in Tamil Nadu?
A: Mudumalai, Anaimalai, Kalakkadu-Mundanturai, Sathyamangalam
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