Transport and Communication
Comprehensive explanation of Indian transport systems - road, rail, air, water transport and communication. Important for TNPSC exams.
Learning Content
🚗 Road & Rail Transport - SVG Map!
🛤️ Indian Railway Map
🚂 Indian Railways - Important Information
| Detail | Information |
|---|---|
| Year of Commencement | 1853(Mumbai - Thane, 34 km) |
| Total Zones | 18 Zones |
| headquarters | New Delhi |
| World ranking | 4thGreat Railways |
| Long train | Vivek Express(4273 km) |
| The first electric train | Deccan Queen(1929) |
| First metro | Kolkata(1984) |
🛣️ Road Transport
| Road type | Explanation | example |
|---|---|---|
| National Highway (NH) | Connecting states | NH-44 (Long) |
| State Highway (SH) | Amalgamating Districts | Maintenance of State Govt |
| Expressway | Fast travel | Yamuna Expressway |
| Rural road | Connecting villages | PMGSY Scheme |
NH-44:Srinagar → Kanyakumari (3,745 km) – Longest National Highway
✈️ Air & Shipping - SVG Map!
✈️ Major Airports
✈️ Major Airports
| Airport | city | Named |
|---|---|---|
| Indira Gandhi (IGI) | New Delhi | Indira Gandhi |
| Chhatrapati Shivaji (CSI) | Mumbai | Chhatrapati Shivaji |
| Netaji Subhash (NSCBI) | Kolkata | Subhash Chandra Bose |
| Kempegowda (KIA) | Bangalore | Kembagauda |
| Rajiv Gandhi (RGI) | Hyderabad | Rajiv Gandhi |
| Chennai International | Chennai | - |
| Cochin International | Cochin | First solar powered airport |
13 Major Ports
| port | State | Special |
|---|---|---|
| Mumbai | Maharashtra | Large natural harbour |
| JNPT (Navaseva) | Maharashtra | Large Container Port |
| Chennai | Tamil Nadu | Artificial port |
| Cochin | Kerala | West Coast |
| Kandla | Gujarat | Freedom Harbor |
| Visakhapatnam | Andhra | Deep harbor |
| Kolkata / Haldia | West Bengal | River port |
| Tuticorin | Tamil Nadu | Pearl City |
| Ennur | Tamil Nadu | Export of Coal |
📡 Communication - SVG Diagram!
📱 Types of communication
📻 Radio & Television
| system | Year of Commencement | headquarters | Special |
|---|---|---|---|
| All India Radio (AIR) | 1936 | New Delhi | Also called Akashwani |
| Doordarshan (DD) | 1959 | New Delhi | National Television |
| Prasar Bharati | 1997 | New Delhi | AIR + DD = Prasar Bharati |
🛰️ ISRO satellites
| Satellite | Type | benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Aryabhata (1975) | The first satellite | Space exploration |
| INSAT series | Communication | Television, weather |
| IRS series | sense of distance | Land Resources, Agriculture |
| GSAT Series | Telecommunication | DTH, VSAT |
| NavIC (IRNSS) | Navigation | Indian GPS |
ISRO:Indian Space Research OrganisationLeadership:Bangalore |Start:1969
⚡ Transport & Communication - TNPSC Shortcuts!
🧠 Shortcut Tricks - Railways
| Shortcut | Memoir |
|---|---|
| First train | 1853 - MT Mumbai → Thane (34 km) Mumbai - Thane |
| Railway Zones | 18 Zones Head: New Delhi 4th largest in the world |
| First metro | 1984 - Kolkata Kolkata Metro |
| Long train | Vivek Express 4273 km Dibrugarh → Kanyakumari |
| The first electric train | Deccan Queen - 1929 Mumbai - Pune |
🧠 Shortcut - Airports
| Shortcut | Memoir |
|---|---|
| IGI | I = Indira Gandhi Delhi Airport |
| CSI | C = Chhatrapati Shivaji Mumbai Airport |
| NSCBI | N = Netaji Subhash Kolkata Airport |
| KIA | K = Kempegowda Bangalore Airport |
| Solar powered airport | Cochin - First Cochin International Airport |
🏆 Key Years - Quick Reference
| event | year | Shortcut |
|---|---|---|
| First train | 1853 | 18-53 (MT) |
| The first electric train | 1929 | DQ-29 |
| Start AIR | 1936 | AIR-36 |
| Doordarshan | 1959 | DD-59 |
| ISRO | 1969 | ISRO-69 |
| Aryabhata | 1975 | AB-75 |
| First metro | 1984 | KM-84 |
| Prasar Bharati | 1997 | PB-97 |
⚓ Ports Shortcut
| Type | port |
|---|---|
| Large natural harbour | Mumbai |
| Large Container Port | JNPT (Navaseva) |
| Deep harbor | Visakhapatnam |
| River port | Kolkata |
| Freedom Harbor | Kandla |
| Total Major Ports | 13 |
📝 TNPSC Main Questions
Q1: When and where India's first train ran?
A: 1853, April 16 - Mumbai → Thane (34 km)
Q2: How many Zones are there in Indian Railways?
A: 18 Zones
Q3: Which is the longest national highway?
A: NH-44 (Srinagar → Kanyakumari, 3745 km)
Q4: Which was India's first satellite?
A: Aryabhata (1975)
Q5: When was All India Radio started?
A: 1936 (Akashwani)
Q6: Where was India's first metro train?
A: Kolkata (1984)
Q7: Which is the first solar powered airport?
A: Cochin International Airport, Kerala
Q8: What is NavIC?
A: Navigation with Indian Constellation - Indian GPS System (IRNSS)
General Studies
All Parts
General Science
Nature of matter, physics, mechanics, electricity, magnetism...
Current events
Collection of Recent Events, National Symbols – Details of S...
Geography
Topography – Natural Formations – Monsoon, Rainfall, Weather...
History and Culture of India
Indus Valley Civilization – Guptas, Delhi Sultans, Mughals a...
Constitution of India
Constitution of India – Preamble to Constitution – Main Obje...
Indian Economy
Nature of Indian Economy – Five Year Plans – A Maturity – Pl...
Indian National Movement
National Revival, Indian National Congress, BR Ambedkar, Bha...
History, Culture, Tradition and Socio-Political Movements of Tamil Nadu
Tamil Community History, Thirukkural, Various Reformers, Ref...
Development Administration in Tamil Nadu
Social justice and social harmony, education and welfare sys...
Competence and mental intelligence
Compression – Percent – Greater Common Factor – Greater Co...