Maratha Empire
Maratha Empire (1674-1818 CE) holds important place in Indian history. Shivaji was founder. Peshwa rule. Powerful force against Mughals.
Learning Content
🦁 Maratha Empire - Hindu Empire!
Duration:AD 1674 - 1818 |Founder:Chhatrapati Shivaji
👑 Shivaji & Maratha History - SVG
📊 Peshwas - Comparison Table!
👑 Chatrapatis (Chatrapatis)
| Chhatrapati | Period | specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Shivaji | 1674-1680 | Founder, Guerrilla War, Ashta Pradhan |
| Sambhaji | 1680-1689 | Shivaji's son, killed by Aurangzeb |
| Rajaram | 1689-1700 | Shivaji's second son, Jinji Fort |
| Sahu | 1708-1749 | Beginning of Peshwa rule, Balaji Vishwanath |
👑 Peshwas (1713-1818)
| Peshwa | Period | specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Balaji Viswanath | 1713-1720 | First Peshwa, appointment of Sahu, Treaty of Mughals |
| Bajirao I | 1720-1740 | Great Peshwa, Northern expansion, Mastani love |
| Balaji Bajirao | 1740-1761 | Defeat of Nanasakib, Panipat III (1761) |
| Madhavrao I | 1761-1772 | Maratha Renaissance, great administrator |
| Narayana Rao | 1772-1773 | Murdered by uncle Raghunatra |
| Madhavrao II | 1774-1795 | Nana Phadnavis rule |
| Bajirao II | 1795-1818 | The last Peshwa was defeated by the British |
⚔️ Anglo-Maratha Wars
| War | Period | Conclusion | Agreement |
|---|---|---|---|
| The First War | 1775-1782 | Balance | Treaty of Salboy (1782) |
| Second War | 1803-1805 | British victory | Treaty of Bassein (1802) |
| Third War | 1817-1818 | Maratha decline | Abolition of the Peshwa |
🗺️ Maratha Confederation (Confederacy)
| Family | Capital | Founder |
|---|---|---|
| Peshwa | Pune | Balaji Viswanath |
| Gaikwat | Baroda | Tamaji Gaikwad |
| Cynthia | Gwalior | Ranoji Scindia |
| Holkar | Indore | Malharrao Holkar |
| Bhonsle | Nagpur | Raghuji Bhonsle |
🏛️ Marathi Administration & Taxation!
💰 Marathi Typography - SVG
⚔️ Shivaji Warfare - Guerrilla
| feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| Guerrilla warfare | Mountain pass, surprise attack, retreat |
| Fort Battle | 360+ forts, hill forts |
| Navy | First Indian Navy, Sindhudurg |
| espionage | Bahlia (spy) organization |
📅 Major events
| year | event | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| 1659 | Afzal Khan Junction | Vagnaka - Shivaji's victory |
| 1664 | Surat Robbery | Capture of Mughal wealth |
| 1665 | PURANDA AGREEMENT | Jaisingh - 23 Surrender of the fort |
| 1666 | Escape from Agra | He escaped in the fruit basket |
| 1674 | Coronation | Raigad - Chhatrapati |
| 1761 | Panipat III | Maratha defeat |
🚀 TNPSC Shortcuts & Memory Tricks!
🧠 Memory Tricks - Memory Tricks
| Trick | Explanation |
|---|---|
| "1630-74-80" | Shivaji: Birth 1630 → Coronation 1674 → Death 1680 |
| "South = Quarter" | Soud = 1/4 = 25% tax |
| "Sardesh = 10" | Sardeshmukhi = 1/10 = 10% tax |
| "8 = Ashta" | Ashta pradhan = 8 ministers |
| "Peshwa = PM" | Peshwa = Prime Minister |
| "Baaji = Best" | Bajirao I = Greatest Peshwa |
| "1761 = Fall" | Panipat III (1761) = Maratha fall |
| "Wagh = Wagh Nakh" | Wagnaka = Tiger Claw (Killing of Afzal Khan) |
| "G-S-H-B-P" | Gaikwat, Sindhia, Holkar, Bhonsle, Peshwa = 5 Maratha families |
✅ Key "Firsts"
| First | Who/What | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 🥇 Founder of Marathi | Shivaji | 1674 Chhatrapati |
| 🥇 First Indian Navy | Shivaji | Site of Sindhudurg |
| 🥇 First Peshwa | Balaji Viswanath | 1713 |
| 🥇 Great Peshwa | Bajirao I | Northern expansion |
| 🥇 Last Peshwa | Bajirao II | 1818 English |
📝 One-Liner Facts
- Birth of Shivaji =Sivaneri Fort (19 February 1630)
- Coronation =Raigad Fort (June 6, 1674)
- Murder of Afzal Khan =Vagnaka (tiger claw) + Pichwa (short sword)
- Surat Robbery =1664, 1670 (twice)
- Agra Escape =1666, in orchard
- Shivaji Guru =Dadaji Kondev, Samartha Ramadoss
- Bajirao I =No defeat in 41 battles!
- Panipat III =1761, Ahmad Shah Abdali vs Marathas
- End of Maratha rule =1818, Third Anglo-Maratha War
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
| Q: Maratha founder? | Chhatrapati Shivaji |
| Q: Shivaji's father? | Shaji Bhonsle |
| Q: Shivaji's mother? | Jijabhai |
| Q: Where was Shivaji's coronation? | Raigad Fort (1674) |
| Q: What is Ashta Pradhan? | 8 Council of Ministers |
| Q: If South? | 1/4 share tax (25%) |
| Q: What is Sardeshmukhi? | 1/10 share tax (10%) |
| Q: Best Peshwa? | Bajirao I |
| Q: When is Panipat III? | 1761 |
| Q: Last Peshwa? | Bajirao II (1818) |
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