Mughal Empire
Mughal Empire (1526-1857 CE) is the most important period in Indian history. Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb were important emperors. Peak of art, architecture and administration.
Learning Content
👑 Mughal Empire - India's greatest empire!
Duration:AD 1526 - 1857 (331 years) |Founder:Babar
👑 Mughal Emperors - Timeline SVG
📊 Mughal Emperors - Comparison Table!
👑 6 Great Mughals - Detailed Comparison
| Emperor | Period | Degree/Specialization | Major battles | Special building |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babar | 1526-1530 | Founder, Babarnama | Panipat I (1526), Kanwa (1527), Chanderi (1528) | Panipat Masjid, Chambal Masjid |
| Humayun | 1530-1556 | King in exile | Chausa (1539), Kannauj (1540) - defeated by Sher Shah | Tinbana (Delhi), Humayun's Tomb (Built by Son) |
| Akbar | 1556-1605 | Mahan, Din-e-Ilahi | Panipat II (1556), Haldighat (1576) | Fatehpur Sikri, Agra Fort, Buland Darwasa |
| Jahangir | 1605-1627 | Chain of justice, painting art | Treaty of Mewar (1615) | Shalimar Bagh, Tomb of Akbar (Sikandra) |
| Shahjahan | 1627-1658 | Golden Age of Architecture | - | Taj Mahal, Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Peacock Throne |
| Aurangzeb | 1658-1707 | Alamgir, Zinda Bir | Deccan Wars, Maratha War | Bibi Ka Maqbara (Aurangabad), Badshahi Mosque |
⚔️ Key Battles - Comparison
| War | year | Enemies | Conclusion | Importance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panipat I | 1526 | Babar vs Ibrahim Lodi | Babur's victory | Beginning of Mughal rule |
| Conva | 1527 | Babur vs Rana Sangha | Babur's victory | Anti-Rajput decision |
| Panipat II | 1556 | Akbar vs Hemu | Akbar wins | Mughal rule was established |
| Haldigat | 1576 | Akbar vs Rana Pratap | Akbar wins | Battle of Mewar |
| Panipat III | 1761 | Ahmed Shah Abdali vs Marathi | Abdali wins | Fall of Marathas |
🌍 Foreign Travelers - Mughal Period
| traveler | Country | Period | Emperor | Special |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ralph Fitch | England | 1583-91 | Akbar | First Englishman |
| Sir Thomas Roe | England | 1615-19 | Jahangir | Ambassador of James I |
| Bernier | France | 1656-68 | Shahjahan, Aurangzeb | Travels in Mogul Empire |
| Tavernier | France | 1640-67 | Shahjahan | Diamond merchant |
| Manouchi | Italy | 1656-1712 | Aurangzeb | Storia do Mogor |
🏛️ Mughal Administration & Art!
📜 Akbar's Management System - SVG
💎 Navaratnams of Akbar
| Navaratnam | Dept | Special creation |
|---|---|---|
| Abul Fazal | History | Ain-e-Akbari, Akbarnama |
| Fiji | Poetry | Abul Fazal's brother |
| Tansen | Music | Mian Ki Thodi, Mian Ki Malhar |
| Birbal | Comedy | Stories of Raja Birbal |
| Thodar Mal | Finance | Land Revenue Reforms |
| Abdul Rahim Khan-e-Ghana | Poetry | Hindi Doha |
| Man Singh | Force | Rajput commander |
| Fakir Ajio-Din | Consultant | Sufi monk |
| Mulla Tho Biyaja | Consultant | Culinary expert |
🏰 Mughal architecture
| building | Emperor | Place | Special |
|---|---|---|---|
| Humayun's Tomb | Akbar | Delhi | First Garden Cemetery |
| Fatehpur Sikri | Akbar | Agra | Buland Darwasa, Panchmahal |
| The Taj Mahal | Shahjahan | Agra | Remembering Mumtaz, 22 years |
| red fort | Shahjahan | Delhi | Lal Gila |
| Jama Masjid | Shahjahan | Delhi | Great Mosque of India |
| Peacock Throne | Shahjahan | Delhi | Kohinoor diamond |
🚀 TNPSC Shortcuts & Memory Tricks!
🧠 Memory Tricks - Memory Tricks
| Trick | Explanation |
|---|---|
| "Ba-hu-a-ja-sha-au" | PaBurr →HuMayun →AKbar →JHangir →ShahJagan →OhRangaseeb |
| "1526 = Start" | 1526 Panipat I = Beginning of Mughal rule |
| "1857 = End" | 1857 = End of Mughal rule (Bahadur Shah II) |
| "Akbar = A to Z" | Akbar = All (Administration, Religion, Art) |
| "Shah = Shape" | Shah Jahan = Architecture (Taj Mahal, Red Fort) |
| "Aurang = Angry" | Aurangzeb = strict religiousness, jizya tax |
| "Huma = Home-less" | Humayun = 15 years exile |
| "Tansen = Tone" | Tansen = Music Navaratnam |
| "Dollar = Dollar" | Todar Mal = Finance Minister, Land Revenue |
✅ Major "Firsts" & Specials
| Special | who | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 🥇 Mughal founder | Babar | 1526 Panipat I |
| 🥇 Longest reign | Akbar & Aurangzeb | 49 years |
| 🥇 Golden Age of Architecture | Shahjahan | The Taj Mahal |
| 🥇 Din-e-Ilahi religion | Akbar | 1582 |
| 🥇 First Englishman | Ralph Fitch | Akbar period |
| 🥇 The last mighty Mughals | Aurangzeb | 1707 Death |
📝 One-Liner Facts
- Babar =Babarnama (Turkish language), first used by Kanan + gun
- Humayun =Died after falling down library stairs
- Akbar =Illiterate, but an excellent ruler
- Jahangir =Nur Jahan was the real ruler, his name on the coins
- Shahjahan =Imprisonment by son (Aurangzeb), death in Agra Fort
- Taj Mahal =1632-1653 (22 years), 20,000 workers, Ustad Ahmed Lakhori
- Aurangzeb =Zinda Bir (living saint), lived and copied the Quran
- 1739 =Nadir Shah invasion - Peacock throne, Kohinoor loot
- Last Mughal =Bahadur Shah II (Jafar) - 1857 Arrested, exiled to Rangoon
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
| Q: Mughal founder? | Babur (1526) |
| Q: Babur paternal? | Timur |
| Q: Babur mother way? | Genghis Khan |
| Q: Who called Akbar Mahan? | Mahan (The Great) |
| Q: Who started Din-e-Ilahi? | Akbar (1582) |
| Q: Who are the Navaratnams? | Akbar |
| Q: Who built Taj Mahal? | Shahjahan |
| Q: Who is the Taj Mahal for? | Mumtaz Mahal (wife) |
| Q: Who reintroduced the Zizia tax? | Aurangzeb |
| Q: Peacock throne usurper? | Nadir Shah (1739) |
| Q: Last Mughal Emperor? | Bahadur Shah II (Jafar) |
| Q: 1857 revolutionary leader (nominal)? | Bahadur Shah II |
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