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Employment, Land Reforms & Agriculture Technology

Detailed explanation of Employment Generation, Land Reforms and Scientific Technology in Agriculture

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👷 Employment Generation - Introduction

Types of Employment, Types of Unemployment and Employment Schemes in India

🏛️ Employment Types - SVG Overview
👷 Employment Types 🏢 Organized Sector organized sector • Govt Jobs, PSUs, Corporates • Fixed Salary, PF, ESI Benefits ~10% of Workforce 🏪 Unorganized Sector Unorganized sector • Daily Wage, Small Business • No Fixed Income, No Benefits ~90% of Workforce 🤝 Self Employment Self Employed • Own Business, Freelancing • Farmers, Shop Owners ~52% of Workforce 📉 Unemployment Types Structural structure Skill Mismatch Technology Change Long Term Problem Cyclical Cycle Economic Recession Demand Falls Temporary Seasonal Seasonal Agriculture Based Off-Season No Work Rural Areas Disguised Indirect Zero Marginal Productivity Agriculture Sector 🎯 Major employment schemes MGNREGA (2005) - 100 Day Employment Guarantee | Rural employment PM-SVANidhi - Street Vendors | MUDRA - Small Business Loan | Skill India - Skill Development Start-up India (2016) | Stand-up India (SC/ST/Women) | PM Rojgar Yojana
📊 Unemployment rate
Unemployment Rate (2023-24) ~3.2% (PLFS)
Labor Force Participation ~57.9%
Survey Agency NSSO - PLFS (Periodic Labor Force Survey)
Largest Employer Sector Agriculture (~42%)
Largest GDP Contributor Services (~60%)

🎯 Major employment schemes

📊 Employment Schemes - SVG
🎯 Employment Schemes 🏗️ MGNREGA – Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act - 2005 100 day working guarantee For rural families Right to Work - Legal right 💰 PMMY - MUDRA Yojana (2015) Loans for Small Entrepreneurs Shishu ₹50K Kishore ₹5L Tarun ₹10L 🎓 Skill India Mission (2015) Skill Development & Training PMKVY | NSDC | ITI Upgradation 🚀 Start-up India (2016) Promotion of new entrepreneurs Tax Holiday | Easy Compliance | Funding Support 🤝 Stand-up India (2016) SC/ST/Women Entrepreneurs ₹10 Lakh - ₹1 Crore Loan 🛒 PM-SVANidhi (2020) Credit to street vendors ₹10,000 - ₹50,000 Working Capital 🏭 Make in India (2014) Promotion of manufacturing sector 25 Sectors | FDI Boost | Job Creation 🎯 MGNREGA = World's Largest Employment Programme 100 Days Guaranteed Work
📊 Employment Schemes Table
project year Purpose Special
MGNREGA 2005 Guaranteed rural employment 100 days, Right to Work
MUDRA 2015 Small business loan Shishu-Kishore-Tarun
Skill India 2015 Capacity building PMKVY, NSDC
Start-up India 2016 New business Tax Holiday
Stand-up India 2016 SC/ST/Women ₹10L - ₹1Cr Loan
PM-SVANidhi 2020 Street vendors ₹10K - ₹50K
Make in India 2014 Product promotion 25 Sectors

🌾 Land Reforms

Land Reforms in Post-Independence India – From Zamindari Abolition to Land Limitation

📊 Land Reforms - SVG Overview
🌾 Land Reforms (Land Reforms in India) 🏰 Land tenure patterns before independence Zamindari (Bengal, Bihar) Rayadwari (Madras, Bombay) Magalwari (UP, Punjab) 📋 Four major land reforms 1️⃣ Abolition of Zamindari Abolition of Intermediaries • Abolition of Zamindars, Jagirdars • Direct ownership to farmers 2️⃣ Tenancy reform Tenancy Reforms • Right to leased land • Fair Rent | Security of Tenure 3️⃣ Law of Limitation Land Ceiling Act • Maximum land holding limit • Remaining land for landless 4️⃣ Land Consolidation Consolidation of Holdings • Consolidation of scattered lands • Win in Punjab, Haryana 🏆 Successful States Kerala - Tenancy Reform | West Bengal - Operation Barga J&K - Abolition of Zamindari | Punjab/Haryana - Land consolidation Tamil Nadu - Kudimaramat System | Land Reforms = State Subject
📊 Land Reforms Comparison
reformation Purpose Benefit success
Abolition of Zamindari Elimination of Intermediaries direct ownership ✅ Successful
Tenancy reform Tenant Protection Fair Rent ⚠️ Partial
land limit Delimitation of land Land for the landless ❌ Limited
Land Consolidation Consolidation of scattered land Efficient farming ✅ Punjab/Haryana

🌾 Agriculture & Green Revolution

📊 Green Revolution - SVG
🌾 Green Revolution (1966-67) 🌍 Norman Borlaug Father of Green Revolution Nobel Peace Prize 1970 🇮🇳 M.S. Swaminathan Father of Indian Green Revolution Father of Indian Green Revolution 📋 Elements of Green Revolution 🌱 HYV Seeds High yield IR-8 Rice, Sonalika Kalyan Sona Wheat 💧 Irrigation Irrigation Tube Wells, Canals Dam Projects 🧪 Fertilizers Fertilizers NPK - Nitrogen Phosphorus, Potassium 🚜 Mechanization Mechanization Tractors, Harvesters Modern Equipment 🌈 All Revolutions (Colour Revolutions) 🌾 Green Food grain 🥛 White Milk (Kuryan) 🐟 Blue Fish 🌻 Yellow Oil seed 🍅 Red Tomato/meat 🦐 Pink Shrimp/Onion ☕ Brown Cocoa/Masala 🍯 Golden Honey/Fruits 🥔 Silver Egg 🌹 Round Potatoes 🎯 Verghese Kurien = White Revolution Father | Green Revolution States = Punjab, Haryana, UP
🌈 Color Revolutions Table
revolution Communication Father/Leader
Green Food grain M.S. Swaminathan
White Milk Verghese Kurien
Blue Fish Arun Krishnan
Yellow Oil seed Sam Pitroda
Pink Shrimp/Onion Durgesh Patel
Golden Fruits/Honey Nirpakh Tutej
Silver Egg Indira Gandhi

🔬 Science and Technology in Agriculture

Modern Agricultural Technologies & Projects

📊 Agriculture Technology - SVG
🔬 Agricultural Technology (Agri-Technology) 🌱 Biotechnology Biotechnology • GM Crops (Bt Cotton) • Tissue culture • Hybrid Seeds 💧 Drip irrigation Drip Irrigation • Water saving 40-60% • Micro Irrigation • PMKSY Scheme 📱 Digital Agriculture e-NAM, Kisan Portal • Kisan Call Center • Soil Health Card • PM-KISAN 🚁 Drone Technology Drone technology • Crop Monitoring • Pesticide Spraying • Kisan Drone 🌡️ Precision Farming Precision farming • GPS, GIS Technology • Sensor Based Irrigation • AI & IoT in Farming 🧪 Organic Farming Organic farming • Zero Budget Natural • Paramparagat Krishi • Sikkim = 1st Organic State 🎯 Major Agricultural Projects 💰 PM-KISAN (2019) ₹6000/Year (3 installments) Small & Marginal Farmers 🌾 PM-AASHA MSP Assurance Price Support Scheme 🏦 PM-FBY (Fasal Bima) Crop insurance Crop Insurance Scheme 🏛️ Major agricultural companies ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) - Delhi | IARI - Pusa, Delhi TNAU - Coimbatore | FCI - Food Procurement | NABARD - Rural Credit
📊 Agriculture Schemes Table
project year Purpose
PM-KISAN 2019 ₹6000/Year Direct Payment
PM Fasal Bima 2016 Crop insurance
PMKSY 2015 Irrigation expansion
e-NAM 2016 Online Market Platform
Soil Health Card 2015 Soil health card
PKVY (Organic) 2015 Organic farming

🎯 Shortcuts & Memory Tricks

🧠 Quick Memory SVG
🎯 EMPLOYMENT, LAND & AGRICULTURE - TRICKS 🏗️ MGNREGA TRICK 100-2005-Rural "100 Days Work in 2005" World's Largest Employment 🌾 LAND REFORMS TRICK "Z-T-C-C" Zamindari-Tenancy Ceiling-Consolidation 🌱 GREEN REV TRICK "HIFM - 1966" HYV-Irrigation-Fertilizer Mechanization 🌈 COLOR REVOLUTION TRICK "G-W-B-Y-P = Grain-Milk-Fish-Oil-Prawn" Green-White-Blue-Yellow-Pink Swaminathan-Kurien-Krishnan-Pitroda-Patel 💰 PM-KISAN TRICK ₹6000 = 3 x ₹2000 "6-3-2 Formula" 6000/Year, 3 Installments, 2000 Each 👷 UNEMPLOYMENT TRICK "SCSD" - 4 Types Structural-Cyclical-Seasonal-Disguised Disguised = Agriculture (Zero Marginal) 🎯 MASTER ONE-LINER "MGNREGA 100-2005 | Swaminathan 1966" "Kurien White | PM-KISAN 6000" "Sikkim 1st Organic | ZTCC Reforms" 🏛️ ICAR-Delhi | IARI-Pusa | TNAU-Coimbatore | NABARD-Rural Credit | FCI-Procurement
📝 Quick One-Liners
MGNREGA 2005 - 100 Days Work Guarantee
Green Revolution 1966-67 - M.S. Swaminathan
White Revolution Milk - Verghese Kurien
Blue Revolution Fish - Arun Krishnan
PM-KISAN 2019 - ₹6000/Year (3 x ₹2000)
1st Organic State Sikkim
Land Reforms (4) Zamindari-Tenancy-Ceiling-Consolidation
Unemployment Types Structural-Cyclical-Seasonal-Disguised
Largest Employer Agriculture (~42%)
Organized Sector ~10% Workforce
MUDRA Categories Shishu-Kishore-Tarun
e-NAM 2016 - Online Agri Market
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: MGNREGA How many days job guarantee?
A: 100 days
Q2: Who is the father of green revolution?
A: M.S. Swaminathan (India) | Norman Borlaug (World)
Q3: Who was the white revolution associated with?
A: Verghese Kurien - Milk
Q4: How much money in PM-KISAN scheme?
A: ₹6000/Year (3 installments of ₹2000)
Q5: India's first fully organic farming state?
A: Sikkim
Q6: What are the 4 land reforms?
A: Abolition of Zamindari, Tenancy, Land Limitation, Consolidation
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